VS2010优化器的全局指针和全局引用之间的最大区别是什么?为什么参考文献没有解决?
typedef unsigned char byte_t;
typedef unsigned short word_t;
struct byte_reg_t
{
byte_t low;
byte_t high;
};
union word_reg_t
{
word_t value;
byte_reg_t part;
};
word_reg_t r16;
byte_t& low_ref = r16.part.low;
byte_t* const low_ptr = &r16.part.low;
#define SPLIT() _asm nop;
int main()
{
low_ref = 4;
SPLIT()
byte_t a = r16.part.low;
SPLIT()
byte_t b = low_ref;
SPLIT()
byte_t c = *low_ptr;
SPLIT()
return a+b+c;
}
在发布模式下使用程序集输出编译生成此结果
;byte_t a = r16.part.low;
mov cl, BYTE PTR ?r16@@3Tword_reg_t@@A
;byte_t b = low_ref;
mov edx, DWORD PTR ?low_ref@@3AAEA ; low_ref
mov dl, BYTE PTR [edx]
;byte_t c = *low_ptr;
mov al, BYTE PTR ?r16@@3Tword_reg_t@@A
未经修改的反汇编
.text:00401000 _main proc near ; CODE XREF: __tmainCRTStartup+11D
.text:00401000 mov eax, ?low_ref@@3AAEA ; uchar & low_ref
.text:00401005 mov byte ptr [eax], 4
.text:00401008 nop
.text:00401009 mov cl, ?r16@@3Tword_reg_t@@A ; word_reg_t r16
.text:0040100F nop
.text:00401010 mov edx, ?low_ref@@3AAEA ; uchar & low_ref
.text:00401016 mov dl, [edx]
.text:00401018 nop
.text:00401019 mov al, ?r16@@3Tword_reg_t@@A ; word_reg_t r16
.text:0040101E nop
.text:0040101F movzx eax, al
.text:00401022 movzx edx, dl
.text:00401025 movzx ecx, cl
.text:00401028 add eax, edx
.text:0040102A add eax, ecx
.text:0040102C retn
.text:0040102C _main endp
.data:00403374 ?r16@@3Tword_reg_t@@A db ? ; DATA XREF: _main+9
.data:00403374 ; _main+19
.data:00403375 align 4
.data:00403018 ; unsigned char & low_ref
.data:00403018 ?low_ref@@3AAEA dd offset ?r16@@3Tword_reg_t@@A ; DATA XREF: _main
.data:00403018 ; _main+10
.data:00403018 ; word_reg_t r16
我测试了几个变体(从函数等返回) - 如果low_ref正在使用中则无法解析
更新
这似乎是一个不常见的优化案例 - 迈克尔·伯尔(Michael Burr)
如果引用位于函数作用域中 - 或者在函数作用域中实例化的类或结构内部,则它可以工作 (但它仍然很奇怪,优化器解析ptr const而不是引用 - 它们是100%相同的)
更新2
它更奇怪 - 如果你从byte_t切换到int两个解析工作 - const ptr和reference
所以ptr const和引用的优化器,参考范围.....和引用类型有一点不同......有时候:)
更新3
更简单的测试代码 - 使用VS2010和clang 3.1进行检查
typedef unsigned char byte_t;
typedef unsigned int dword_t;
//for msvc
#define SPLIT() _asm nop _asm nop;
//for clang
//#define SPLIT() asm("nop"); asm("nop");
byte_t byte;
dword_t dword;
byte_t& global_ref_byte = byte;
dword_t& global_ref_dword = dword;
byte_t* const global_ptrc_byte = &byte;
dword_t* const global_ptrc_dword = &dword;
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
byte_t& local_ref_byte = byte;
dword_t& local_ref_dword = dword;
dword_t random = (dword_t)argv;
byte = (byte_t)random;
dword = (dword_t)random;
SPLIT()
byte_t a = global_ref_byte;
SPLIT()
dword_t b = global_ref_dword;
SPLIT()
byte_t c = *global_ptrc_byte;
SPLIT()
dword_t d = *global_ptrc_dword;
SPLIT()
byte_t e = local_ref_byte;
SPLIT()
dword_t f = local_ref_dword;
SPLIT()
dword_t result = a+b+c+d+e+f;
return result;
}
VS2010反汇编
.text:00401000 ; int __cdecl main(int argc, const char **argv, const char **envp)
.text:00401000 _main proc near ; CODE XREF: ___tmainCRTStartup+11D
.text:00401000
.text:00401000 argc = dword ptr 8
.text:00401000 argv = dword ptr 0Ch
.text:00401000 envp = dword ptr 10h
.text:00401000
.text:00401000 push ebp
.text:00401001 mov ebp, esp
.text:00401003 mov eax, [ebp+argv]
.text:00401006 push ebx
.text:00401007 push esi
.text:00401008 push edi
.text:00401009 mov byte_403374, al
.text:0040100E mov dword_403378, eax
.text:00401013 nop
.text:00401014 nop
.text:00401015 mov eax, off_40301C
.text:0040101A mov al, [eax]
.text:0040101C nop
.text:0040101D nop
.text:0040101E mov ecx, dword_403378
.text:00401024 nop
.text:00401025 nop
.text:00401026 mov dl, byte_403374
.text:0040102C nop
.text:0040102D nop
.text:0040102E mov esi, dword_403378
.text:00401034 nop
.text:00401035 nop
.text:00401036 mov bl, byte_403374
.text:0040103C nop
.text:0040103D nop
.text:0040103E mov edi, dword_403378
.text:00401044 nop
.text:00401045 nop
.text:00401046 movzx edx, dl
.text:00401049 movzx ebx, bl
.text:0040104C add edx, edi
.text:0040104E movzx eax, al
.text:00401051 add edx, ebx
.text:00401053 add eax, edx
.text:00401055 pop edi
.text:00401056 add eax, esi
.text:00401058 pop esi
.text:00401059 add eax, ecx
.text:0040105B pop ebx
.text:0040105C pop ebp
.text:0040105D retn
.text:0040105D _main endp
clang 3.1反汇编
.text:004012E0 sub_4012E0 proc near ; CODE XREF: sub_401020+91
.text:004012E0
.text:004012E0 arg_4 = dword ptr 0Ch
.text:004012E0
.text:004012E0 push ebp
.text:004012E1 mov ebp, esp
.text:004012E3 call sub_4014F0
.text:004012E8 mov eax, [ebp+arg_4]
.text:004012EB mov byte_402000, al
.text:004012F0 mov dword_402004, eax
.text:004012F5 nop
.text:004012F6 nop
.text:004012F7 movzx eax, byte_402000
.text:004012FE nop
.text:004012FF nop
.text:00401300 add eax, dword_402004
.text:00401306 nop
.text:00401307 nop
.text:00401308 movzx ecx, byte_402000
.text:0040130F add ecx, eax
.text:00401311 nop
.text:00401312 nop
.text:00401313 add ecx, dword_402004
.text:00401319 nop
.text:0040131A nop
.text:0040131B movzx eax, byte_402000
.text:00401322 add eax, ecx
.text:00401324 nop
.text:00401325 nop
.text:00401326 add eax, dword_402004
.text:0040132C nop
.text:0040132D nop
.text:0040132E pop ebp
.text:0040132F retn
.text:0040132F sub_4012E0 endp
没有nops,两个优化器都可以生成更好的代码 - 但是clang仍然更好
VS2010(由于未解析的字节引用而导致更多代码)
.text:00401003 mov eax, [ebp+argv]
.text:00401006 movzx ecx, al
.text:00401009 lea edx, [eax+eax*2]
.text:0040100C mov byte_403374, al
.text:00401011 mov dword_403378, eax
.text:00401016 lea eax, [edx+ecx*2]
.text:00401019 mov ecx, off_40301C
.text:0040101F movzx edx, byte ptr [ecx]
.text:00401022 add eax, edx
clang 3.1:
.text:004012E8 mov eax, [ebp+arg_4]
.text:004012EB mov byte_402000, al
.text:004012F0 mov dword_402004, eax
.text:004012F5 movzx ecx, al
.text:004012F8 add ecx, eax
.text:004012FA lea eax, [ecx+ecx*2]
答案 0 :(得分:5)
以下是我认为正在发生的事情。该引用被视为类似于非const全局指针。如果您从const
声明中删除low_ptr
,则可以看到此内容。
您还可以看到,如果您将引用移动到函数的本地,则编译器可以通过它优化访问而没有问题。
我猜这是因为全球参考资料非常少见(我承认我刚刚承认的“统计数据”),我们很难对其进行优化。