我查看了Python docs给出的信息，但我仍然有点困惑。有人可以发布编写新文件的示例代码，然后使用pickle将字典转储到其中吗？
答案 0 :(得分：528)
试试这个：
import pickle
a = {'hello': 'world'}
with open('filename.pickle', 'wb') as handle:
pickle.dump(a, handle, protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
with open('filename.pickle', 'rb') as handle:
b = pickle.load(handle)
print a == b
答案 1 :(得分：66)
import pickle
your_data = {'foo': 'bar'}
# Store data (serialize)
with open('filename.pickle', 'wb') as handle:
pickle.dump(your_data, handle, protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
# Load data (deserialize)
with open('filename.pickle', 'rb') as handle:
unserialized_data = pickle.load(handle)
print(your_data == unserialized_data)
HIGHEST_PROTOCOL的优点是文件变小。这有时会使爆破更快。
重要提示：pickle的最大文件大小约为2GB。
import mpu
your_data = {'foo': 'bar'}
mpu.io.write('filename.pickle', data)
unserialized_data = mpu.io.read('filename.pickle')
对于您的应用程序，以下内容可能很重要：
另请参阅：Comparison of data serialization formats
如果您正在寻找制作配置文件的方法，您可能需要阅读我的简短文章Configuration files in Python
答案 2 :(得分：22)
# Save a dictionary into a pickle file.
import pickle
favorite_color = {"lion": "yellow", "kitty": "red"} # create a dictionary
pickle.dump(favorite_color, open("save.p", "wb")) # save it into a file named save.p
# -------------------------------------------------------------
# Load the dictionary back from the pickle file.
import pickle
favorite_color = pickle.load(open("save.p", "rb"))
# favorite_color is now {"lion": "yellow", "kitty": "red"}
答案 3 :(得分：9)
一般情况下，除非你只有简单的对象，比如字符串和整数，否则挑选dict会失败。
Python 2.7.9 (default, Dec 11 2014, 01:21:43)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple Clang 4.1 ((tags/Apple/clang-421.11.66))] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from numpy import *
>>> type(globals())
<type 'dict'>
>>> import pickle
>>> pik = pickle.dumps(globals())
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.py", line 1374, in dumps
Pickler(file, protocol).dump(obj)
File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.py", line 224, in dump
self.save(obj)
File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.py", line 286, in save
f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.py", line 649, in save_dict
self._batch_setitems(obj.iteritems())
File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.py", line 663, in _batch_setitems
save(v)
File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.py", line 306, in save
rv = reduce(self.proto)
File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/copy_reg.py", line 70, in _reduce_ex
raise TypeError, "can't pickle %s objects" % base.__name__
TypeError: can't pickle module objects
>>>
即使真的简单dict也会失败。这取决于内容。
>>> d = {'x': lambda x:x}
>>> pik = pickle.dumps(d)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.py", line 1374, in dumps
Pickler(file, protocol).dump(obj)
File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.py", line 224, in dump
self.save(obj)
File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.py", line 286, in save
f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.py", line 649, in save_dict
self._batch_setitems(obj.iteritems())
File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.py", line 663, in _batch_setitems
save(v)
File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.py", line 286, in save
f(self, obj) # Call unbound method with explicit self
File "/opt/local/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/pickle.py", line 748, in save_global
(obj, module, name))
pickle.PicklingError: Can't pickle <function <lambda> at 0x102178668>: it's not found as __main__.<lambda>
但是，如果您使用更好的序列化工具，例如dill或cloudpickle，那么大多数词典都可以被腌制：
>>> import dill
>>> pik = dill.dumps(d)
或者，如果您想将dict保存到文件中......
>>> with open('save.pik', 'w') as f:
... dill.dump(globals(), f)
...
后一个例子与此处发布的任何其他好答案相同（除了忽略dict内容的可选择性之外都是好的。）
答案 4 :(得分：7)
>>> import pickle
>>> with open("/tmp/picklefile", "wb") as f:
... pickle.dump({}, f)
...
通常最好使用cPickle实现
>>> import cPickle as pickle
>>> help(pickle.dump)
Help on built-in function dump in module cPickle:
dump(...)
dump(obj, file, protocol=0) -- Write an object in pickle format to the given file.
See the Pickler docstring for the meaning of optional argument proto.
答案 5 :(得分：4)
将Python数据（例如字典）转储到pickle文件的简单方法。
import pickle
your_dictionary = {}
pickle.dump(your_dictionary, open('pickle_file_name.p', 'wb'))
答案 6 :(得分：3)
如果您只想将dict存储在单个文件中，请使用pickle之类的
import pickle
a = {'hello': 'world'}
with open('filename.pickle', 'wb') as handle:
pickle.dump(a, handle)
with open('filename.pickle', 'rb') as handle:
b = pickle.load(handle)
如果要在多个文件中保存和恢复多个词典
缓存和存储更复杂的数据，
使用anycache。
它会在pickle
from anycache import anycache
@anycache(cachedir='path/to/files')
def myfunc(hello):
return {'hello', hello}
Anycache根据参数存储不同的myfunc结果
cachedir中的不同文件并重新加载它们。
有关详细信息，请参阅documentation。
答案 7 :(得分：2)
import pickle
dictobj = {'Jack' : 123, 'John' : 456}
filename = "/foldername/filestore"
fileobj = open(filename, 'wb')
pickle.dump(dictobj, fileobj)
fileobj.close()
答案 8 :(得分：0)
仅供参考，Pandas 现在有一种保存泡菜的方法。
我觉得它更容易。
pd.to_pickle(object_to_save,'/temp/saved_pkl.pickle' )
答案 9 :(得分：-1)
如果您想在不打开文件的情况下在一行中处理写入或读取：
import joblib
my_dict = {'hello': 'world'}
joblib.dump(my_dict, "my_dict.pickle") # write pickle file
my_dict_loaded = joblib.load("my_dict.pickle") # read pickle file
答案 10 :(得分：-6)
我发现酸洗令人困惑（可能是因为我很厚）。我发现这很有效：
myDictionaryString=str(myDictionary)
然后您可以将其写入文本文件。我放弃了尝试使用pickle，因为我收到错误告诉我将整数写入.dat文件。我为不使用泡菜而道歉。