#Error：TypeError：unbound方法__init __（）必须使用shape实例作为第一个参数调用（改为使用str实例）＃

Question

这是我的剧本：

class shape:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def printMyself(self):
        print 'I am a shape named %s.' % self.name

shape1 = shape(name = 'myFirstShape.')
shape2 = shape(name = 'mySecondShape.')
shape1.printMyself()
shape2.printMyself()


class polyCube(shape):
    def __init__(self, name, length, width, height):
        shape.__init__(name)
        self.length = length
        self.width = width
        self.height = height

    def printMyself(self):
        shape.printMyself(self)
        print 'I am also a cube with dimensions %.2f, %.2f, %.2f.' % (length, width, height)


class polySphere(shape):
    def __init__(self, name, radius):
        shape.__init__(name)
        self.radius = radius

    def printMyself(self):
        shape.printMyself(self)
        print 'I am also a sphere with dimensions of %.2f.' % (radius)

cube1 = polyCube('firstCube', 2.0, 1.0, 3.0)
cube2 = polyCube('secondCube', 3.0, 3.0, 3.0)
sphere1 = polySphere('firstSphere', 2.2)
sphere2 = polySphere('secondSphere', 3.5)
shape1 = shape('myShape')
cube1.printMyself()
cube2.printMyself()
sphere1.printMyself()
sphere2.printMyself()

我的错误：

# Error: TypeError: unbound method __init__() must be called with shape instance as first argument (got str instance instead) # 

我不明白。 为什么我收到此错误消息？ 解决方案是什么？ 为什么？

谢谢！

Answer 1

您的代码的工作版本，我已经解释了评论中的错误

class shape:
  def __init__(self, name):
    self.name = name

  def printMyself(self):
    print ('I am a shape named %s.' % self.name)

shape1 = shape(name = 'myFirstShape.')
shape2 = shape(name = 'mySecondShape.')
shape1.printMyself()
shape2.printMyself()


class polyCube(shape):
    def __init__(self, name, length, width, height):
        shape.__init__(self,name) #pass self here, you're calling parent's __init__() explicitly so you should pass self.

        self.length = length
        self.width = width
        self.height = height

    def printMyself(self):
     shape.printMyself(self)
     #use self.length ,self.width instead of just length,width etc
     print ('I am also a cube with dimensions %.2f, %.2f, %.2f.' % (self.length, self.width, self.height)) 


class polySphere(shape):
    def __init__(self, name, radius):
        shape.__init__(self,name) #pass self here

        self.radius = radius

    def printMyself(self):
     shape.printMyself(self)
     print ('I am also a sphere with dimensions of %.2f.' % (self.radius)) #use self.radius here

cube1 = polyCube('firstCube', 2.0, 1.0, 3.0)
cube2 = polyCube('secondCube', 3.0, 3.0, 3.0)
sphere1 = polySphere('firstSphere', 2.2)
sphere2 = polySphere('secondSphere', 3.5)
shape1 = shape('myShape')
cube1.printMyself()
cube2.printMyself()
sphere1.printMyself()
sphere2.printMyself()

Answer 2

通常，您应该发布完整回溯。它使调试变得更容易。问题（我假设来自复制/粘贴错误的缩进除外）是你打电话的时候：

shape.__init__(name)

从形状继承。

如果您查看shape.__init__的“原型”，它看起来像shape.__init__(self,name) - 这就是您应该使用的内容。错误即将发生，因为您传递name（字符串），您应该传递self（PolyCube，因此继承shape

ASIDE

此外，在python 2.x中，最好始终从object继承。 e.g：

class shape(object):
   ...

这允许您使用与新式类相关的所有优点。 （在python 3中，所有类都是新式类）