我编写了Ruby scraper来从加利福尼亚州参议院获取竞选财务数据,然后将每个人保存为哈希。这是迄今为止的代码:
以下是主要网站:http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Campaign/Candidates/
这是候选页面的示例:http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Campaign/Committees/Detail.aspx?id=1342974&session=2011&view=received
这是github repo,你想在代码中看到我的评论:https://github.com/aboutaaron/Baugh-For-Senate-2012/blob/master/final-exam.rb
代码......
require 'nokogiri'
require 'open-uri'
campaign_data = Nokogiri::HTML(open('http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Campaign/Candidates/'))
class Candidate
def initialize(url)
@url = url
@cal_access_url = "http://cal-access.sos.ca.gov"
@nodes = Nokogiri::HTML(open(@cal_access_url + @url))
end
def get_summary
candidate_page = @nodes
{
:political_party => candidate_page.css('span.hdr15').text,
:current_status => candidate_page.css('td tr:nth-child(2) td:nth-child(2) .txt7')[0].text,
:last_report_date => candidate_page.css('td tr:nth-child(3) td:nth-child(2) .txt7')[0].text,
:reporting_period => candidate_page.css('td tr:nth-child(4) td:nth-child(2) .txt7')[0].text,
:contributions_this_period => candidate_page.css('td tr:nth-child(5) td:nth-child(2) .txt7')[0].text.gsub(/[$,](?=\d)/, ''),
:total_contributions_this_period => candidate_page.css('td tr:nth-child(6) td:nth-child(2) .txt7')[0].text.gsub(/[$,](?=\d)/, ''),
:expenditures_this_period => candidate_page.css('td tr:nth-child(7) td:nth-child(2) .txt7')[0].text.gsub(/[$,](?=\d)/, ''),
:total_expenditures_this_period => candidate_page.css('td tr:nth-child(8) td:nth-child(2) .txt7')[0].text.gsub(/[$,](?=\d)/, ''),
:ending_cash => candidate_page.css('td tr:nth-child(9) td:nth-child(2) .txt7')[0].text.gsub(/[$,](?=\d)/, '')
}
end
def get_contributors
contributions_received = @nodes
grab_contributor_page = @nodes.css("a.sublink6")[0]['href']
contributor_page = Nokogiri::HTML(open(@cal_access_url + grab_contributor_page))
grab_contributions_page = contributor_page.css("a")[25]["href"]
contributions_received = Nokogiri::HTML(open(@cal_access_url + grab_contributions_page))
puts
puts "#{@cal_access_url}" + "#{grab_contributions_page}"
puts
contributions_received.css("table").reduce([]) do |memo, contributors|
begin
memo << {
:name_of_contributor => contributions_received.css("table:nth-child(57) tr:nth-child(2) td:nth-child(1) .txt7").text
}
rescue NoMethodError => e
puts e.message
puts "Error on #{contributors}"
end
memo
end
end
end
campaign_data.css('a.sublink2').each do |candidates|
puts "Just grabbed the page for " + candidates.text
candidate = Candidate.new(candidates["href"])
p candidate.get_summary
end
get_summary
按计划运作。 get_contributors
按计划存储了第一个贡献者<td>
,但是这样做了20多次。我现在只选择获取名称,直到找出多重打印问题。
最终目标是让贡献者的哈希值包含所有必需信息,并可能将它们移动到SQL数据库/ Rails应用程序中。但是,在此之前,我只想要一个有效的刮刀。
有任何建议或指导吗?对不起,如果代码不是超级的。编程的超级新手。
答案 0 :(得分:1)
你做得很好。提供独立样品的好工作。如果有多少人不这样做,你会感到惊讶。
我看到两个问题。
首先,并非所有页面都包含您要查找的统计信息。这会导致您的解析例程有点不安。为了防范这种情况,您可以将其放在get_summary
:
return nil if candidate_page.text =~ /has not electronically filed/i
当调用者看到零时,应该做一些聪明的事情。
另一个问题是服务器有时没有及时响应,因此脚本超时。如果您认为服务器因脚本发出请求的速度而感到沮丧,您可以尝试添加一些睡眠来减慢速度。或者,您可以添加重试循环。或者,您可以增加脚本超时所需的时间。
get_summary
中也存在一些重复的逻辑。策略与逻辑分离可能会使此功能受益。该策略是从页面检索的数据,以及如何格式化它:
FORMAT_MONEY = proc do |s|
s.gsub(/[$,](?=\d)/, '')
end
FIELDS = [
[:political_party, 'span.hdr15'],
[:current_status, 'td tr:nth-child(2) td:nth-child(2) .txt7'],
[:last_report_date, 'td tr:nth-child(3) td:nth-child(2) .txt7'],
[:reporting_period, 'td tr:nth-child(4) td:nth-child(2) .txt7'],
[:contributions_this_period, 'td tr:nth-child(5) td:nth-child(2) .txt7', FORMAT_MONEY],
[:total_contributions_this_period, 'td tr:nth-child(6) td:nth-child(2) .txt7', FORMAT_MONEY],
[:expenditures_this_period, 'td tr:nth-child(7) td:nth-child(2) .txt7', FORMAT_MONEY],
[:total_expenditures_this_period, 'td tr:nth-child(8) td:nth-child(2) .txt7', FORMAT_MONEY],
[:ending_cash, 'td tr:nth-child(9) td:nth-child(2) .txt7', FORMAT_MONEY],
]
实现是如何将该策略应用于HTML页面:
def get_summary
candidate_page = @nodes
return nil if candidate_page.text =~ /has not electronically filed/i
keys_and_values = FIELDS.map do |key, css_selector, format|
value = candidate_page.css(css_selector)[0].text
value = format[value] if format
[key, value]
end
Hash[keys_and_values]
end