python现在,接下来,n迭代

时间:2012-06-22 21:10:27

标签: python function iterator

编写一个通用函数,可以迭代任何可迭代的现在返回,下一对。

def now_nxt(iterable):
    iterator = iter(iterable)
    nxt = iterator.__next__()
    for x in iterator:
        now = nxt
        nxt = x
        yield (now,nxt) 

for i in now_nxt("hello world"):
    print(i)

('h', 'e')
('e', 'l')
('l', 'l')
('l', 'o')
('o', ' ')
(' ', 'w')
('w', 'o')
('o', 'r')
('r', 'l')
('l', 'd')

我一直在考虑编写函数的最佳方法,其中可以设置每个元组中的项数。

例如,如果它是

func("hello",n=3)

结果将是:

('h','e','l')
('e','l','l')
('l','l','o')

我是使用timeit的新手,所以请指出我在这里做错了什么:

import timeit

def n1(iterable, n=1):
    #now_nxt_deque
    from collections import deque
    deq = deque(maxlen=n)
    for i in iterable:
        deq.append(i)
        if len(deq) == n:
            yield tuple(deq)

def n2(sequence, n=2):
    # now_next
    from itertools import tee
    iterators = tee(iter(sequence), n)
    for i, iterator in enumerate(iterators):
        for j in range(i):
            iterator.__next__()
    return zip(*iterators)

def n3(gen, n=2):
    from itertools import tee, islice
    gens = tee(gen, n)
    gens = list(gens)
    for i, gen in enumerate(gens):
        gens[i] = islice(gens[i], i, None) 
    return zip(*gens)


def prin(func):
    for x in func:
        yield x

string = "Lorem ipsum tellivizzle for sure ghetto, consectetuer adipiscing elit."

print("func 1: %f" %timeit.Timer("prin(n1(string, 5))", "from __main__ import n1, string, prin").timeit(100000))
print("func 2: %f" %timeit.Timer("prin(n2(string, 5))", "from __main__ import n2, string, prin").timeit(100000))
print("func 3: %f" %timeit.Timer("prin(n3(string, 5))", "from __main__ import n3, string, prin").timeit(100000))

结果:

$  py time_this_function.py 
func 1: 0.163129
func 2: 2.383288
func 3: 1.908363

5 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

我的建议是,

from collections import deque

def now_nxt_deque(iterable, n=1):
    deq = deque(maxlen=n)
    for i in iterable:
        deq.append(i)
        if len(deq) == n:
            yield tuple(deq)

for i in now_nxt_deque("hello world", 3):
    print(i)

('h', 'e', 'l')
('e', 'l', 'l')
('l', 'l', 'o')
('l', 'o', ' ')
('o', ' ', 'w')
(' ', 'w', 'o')
('w', 'o', 'r')
('o', 'r', 'l')
('r', 'l', 'd')

答案 1 :(得分:5)

这是一个非常简单的方法:

  • 使用itertools.tee
  • 克隆您的迭代器n
  • 推进i迭代器i
  • izip他们在一起
import itertools

def now_next(sequence, n=2):
    iterators = itertools.tee(iter(sequence), n)
    for i, iterator in enumerate(iterators):
        for j in range(i):
            iterator.next()
    return itertools.izip(*iterators)

答案 2 :(得分:2)

我的解决方案:

def nn(itr, n):
    iterable = iter(itr)

    last = tuple(next(iterable, None) for _ in xrange(n))
    yield last
    for _ in xrange(len(itr)):
        last = tuple(chain(last[1:], [next(iterable)]))
        yield last

这是为Python 2制作的,如果您想在Python 3中使用它,请将xrange替换为range

next,有一个很棒的default参数,将返回而不是引发StopIteration,您也可以将此默认参数添加到您的函数中,如下所示:

def nn(itr, n, default=None):
    iterable = iter(itr)

    last = tuple(next(iterable, default) for _ in xrange(n))
    yield last
    for _ in xrange(len(itr)):
        last = tuple(chain(last[1:], [next(iterable, default)]))
        yield last

我用它玩了一些,例如使用itr.__class__()作为默认值,但对于列表和元组来说似乎是错误的,这对于字符串来说是有意义的。

答案 3 :(得分:1)

使用切片的Eric技术的变体

from itertools import tee, islice, izip

def now_next(gen, n=2):
  gens = tee(gen, n)
  gens = list(gens)
  for i, gen in enumerate(gens):
    gens[i] = islice(gens[i], i, None) 
  return izip(*gens)

for x in now_next((1,2,3,4,5,6,7)):
  print x

答案 4 :(得分:0)

基于cravoori答案的单行:

from itertools import tee, islice, izip

def now_next(gen, n=2):
    return izip(*(islice(g, i, None) for i, g in enumerate(tee(gen, n))))