如何在python和lxml中查找具有某个值的标记

时间:2012-06-16 08:10:40

标签: python xml lxml

我有一个xml文件,结构如下:

<main_tag>
   <first>
     <tag1>val1</tag1>
     <conf>
       <tag2>val2</tag2>
       <tag3>val3</tag3>
       <tag4>val4</tag4>
     </conf>
   </first>
   <second>
     <tag1>val2</tag1>
     <conf>
       <tag2>val6</tag2>
       <tag3>val7</tag3>
       <tag4>val8</tag4>
     </conf>
   </second>
</main_tag>

我必须更改tag2的值。可能的值存储在dict中:

{tag2values:[newvalue1, newvalue2]}

如果tag1的值是val1,那么我们将tag2值更改为newvalue1。如果tag1值为val2,那么我们将tag2值更改为newvalue2。

所以问题是:有没有办法在lxml中找到与其父值相匹配的元素? 或者通过它的父邻居值找到一个元素?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

.xpath method让你找到XPath 1.0表达式的标签:

>>> from lxml import etree
>>> from cStringIO import StringIO
>>> tag2values = ['newvalue1', 'newvalue2']
>>> example = StringIO("""\
... <main_tag>
...    <first>
...      <tag1>val1</tag1>
...      <conf>
...        <tag2>val2</tag2>
...        <tag3>val3</tag3>
...        <tag4>val4</tag4>
...      </conf>
...    </first>
...    <second>
...      <tag1>val2</tag1>
...      <conf>
...        <tag2>val6</tag2>
...        <tag3>val7</tag3>
...        <tag4>val8</tag4>
...      </conf>
...    </second>
... </main_tag>
... """)
>>> tree = etree.parse(example)
>>> value1selector = '*/conf/tag2[../../tag1/text() = "val1"]'
>>> value2selector = '*/conf/tag2[../../tag1/text() = "val2"]'
>>> for elem in tree.xpath(value1selector):
...     elem.text = tag2values[0]
... 
>>> for elem in tree.xpath(value2selector):
...     elem.text = tag2values[1]
... 
>>> print(etree.tostring(tree, pretty_print=True))
<main_tag>
   <first>
     <tag1>val1</tag1>
     <conf>
       <tag2>newvalue1</tag2>
       <tag3>val3</tag3>
       <tag4>val4</tag4>
     </conf>
   </first>
   <second>
     <tag1>val2</tag1>
     <conf>
       <tag2>newvalue2</tag2>
       <tag3>val7</tag3>
       <tag4>val8</tag4>
     </conf>
   </second>
</main_tag>

在上面的示例中,value1selector中的XPath表达式为您提供了所有tag2conf个子元素,其中包含带有文本{{1}的同级tag1标记},作为ElementTree val1实例,因此替换其文本内容变得微不足道。