我正在使用java.awt.Robot进行Swing应用程序的集成测试，但是我无法以正确的顺序运行我的操作。在Swing完成调度该事件之前，如何判断调用robot.mousePressed(...)的线程是否阻塞？显然，robot.setAutoWaitForIdle(true)没有任何好处。
这是我的演示。我期待“机器人完成！”消息总是在“动作完成阻止”之后出现，但相反，它通常会很快发生。
import java.awt.AWTException;
import java.awt.GraphicsConfiguration;
import java.awt.GraphicsDevice;
import java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment;
import java.awt.Point;
import java.awt.Rectangle;
import java.awt.Robot;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.InputEvent;
import java.sql.Date;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler;
import java.util.logging.Formatter;
import java.util.logging.LogManager;
import java.util.logging.LogRecord;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.swing.GroupLayout;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.WindowConstants;
public class RobotWaitForIdleDemo {
/**
* Create the device that contains the given point in screen coordinates.
* Robot has to be constructed differently for each monitor.
*/
public static GraphicsDevice getDevice(Point p) {
GraphicsEnvironment ge = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment();
GraphicsDevice[] gs = ge.getScreenDevices();
// Search the devices for the one that draws the specified point.
for (GraphicsDevice device : gs) {
GraphicsConfiguration configuration = device.getDefaultConfiguration();
Rectangle bounds = configuration.getBounds();
if (bounds.contains(p)) {
return device;
}
}
return null;
}
public static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(RobotWaitForIdleDemo.class.getName());
public static void main(String[] args) {
LogManager.getLogManager().reset();
Formatter formatter = new Formatter() {
@Override
public String format(LogRecord arg0) {
Date date = new Date(arg0.getMillis());
DateFormat.getTimeInstance().format(date);
return String.format("%s %s %s %s%n",
DateFormat.getTimeInstance().format(date),
arg0.getLoggerName(),
arg0.getLevel(),
arg0.getMessage());
}
};
ConsoleHandler consoleHandler = new ConsoleHandler();
consoleHandler.setFormatter(formatter);
logger.addHandler(consoleHandler);
final JFrame jframe = new JFrame("Robot experiment");
GroupLayout groupLayout = new GroupLayout(jframe.getContentPane());
final JButton jbutton = new JButton("Click me!");
jbutton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// Simulate a heavy Swing event handler.
logger.info("(swing thread) Action starting to block...");
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (InterruptedException e1) {}
logger.info("(swing thread) Action finished blocking.");
}
});
JButton tryAgainBUtton = new JButton("Automatically click above button.");
tryAgainBUtton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override public void run() {
try {
Point point = new Point(jbutton.getWidth()/2,jbutton.getHeight()/2);
SwingUtilities.convertPointToScreen(point, jbutton);
GraphicsDevice device = getDevice(point);
Point offset = device.getDefaultConfiguration().getBounds().getLocation();
Robot robot = new Robot(device);
robot.setAutoWaitForIdle(true);
robot.setAutoDelay(30);
robot.mouseMove(point.x - offset.x, point.y - offset.y);
String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
logger.info(String.format("(%s) robot.mousePress(%d)", threadName, InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK));
robot.mousePress(InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK);
logger.info(String.format("(%s) robot.mouseRelease(%d)", threadName, InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK));
robot.mouseRelease(InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK);
logger.info(String.format("(%s) robot finished!", threadName, InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK));
} catch (AWTException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "robot thread").start();
}
});
jframe.getContentPane().setLayout(groupLayout);
groupLayout.setAutoCreateGaps(true);
groupLayout.setAutoCreateContainerGaps(true);
groupLayout.setVerticalGroup(
groupLayout.createSequentialGroup()
.addComponent(jbutton)
.addComponent(tryAgainBUtton));
groupLayout.setHorizontalGroup(
groupLayout.createParallelGroup()
.addComponent(jbutton)
.addComponent(tryAgainBUtton) );
jframe.setSize(300, 300);
jframe.setVisible(true);
jframe.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
}
}
我在Ubuntu上运行Java 1.6。
答案 0 :(得分：6)
也许这个可以帮助你，注意没有在Java7中测试
的每个步骤中对其进行测试import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import sun.awt.SunToolkit;
public class TestMenu {
/**
* Without a delay, SunToolkit may encounter a problem in SunToolkit (at
* least in JDK 6, where the drop down size problem is not present).
*
* Note: SunToolkit also has some mechanism to delay, but I forgot how it
* worked.
*
* <pre>
* Exception in thread "main" sun.awt.SunToolkit$InfiniteLoop
* at sun.awt.SunToolkit.realSync(Unknown Source)
* at TestMenu.syncAndDelay(TestMenu.java:172)
* at TestMenu.click(TestMenu.java:88)
* at TestMenu.moveAndClickCenter(TestMenu.java:150)
* at TestMenu.main(TestMenu.java:45)
* </pre>
*
* As a bonus, the delay makes the scenario better visible for the human
* eye.
*/
private static int delay = 500;
private static JMenu[] menus = new JMenu[5];
private static Dimension[] parentSizes;
private static Robot robot;
private static SunToolkit toolkit;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
robot = new Robot();
toolkit = (SunToolkit) Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
parentSizes = new Dimension[menus.length];
createGUI(); // Open the first menu. Then get the drop down size of all menu's
moveAndClickCenter(menus[0]);
for (int index = 0; index < menus.length; index++) {
parentSizes[index] = getDropDownSize(index);
}// Click the last item on the last menu.
Component item = menus[menus.length - 1].getMenuComponent(menus[menus.length - 1].getMenuComponentCount() - 1);
moveAndClickCenter(item);
// Open the last drop down again. Then get the drop down sizes once more. If size not equal to previous size, then it's a bug.
boolean bug = false;
moveAndClickCenter(menus[menus.length - 1]);
for (int index = menus.length - 1; index >= 0; index--) {
Dimension currentSize = getDropDownSize(index);
System.out.print("old: " + parentSizes[index] + ", new: " + currentSize);
if (!parentSizes[index].equals(currentSize)) {
bug = true;
System.out.println(" ERROR");
} else {
System.out.println();
}
}
if (bug) {
throw new RuntimeException("JMenu drop down size is changed for no reason.");
}
}
private static Dimension getDropDownSize(int index) throws Exception {
moveToCenter(menus[index]);
return menus[index].getMenuComponent(0).getParent().getSize();
}
private static void click() throws Exception {
robot.mousePress(InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK);
robot.mouseRelease(InputEvent.BUTTON1_MASK);
syncAndDelay();
}
private static void createGUI() throws Exception {
SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo[] infos = UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels();// The L&F defines the drop down policy.
for (final UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : infos) {
if (info.getName().toLowerCase().indexOf("metal") >= 0) {
if (!UIManager.getLookAndFeel().getName().equals(info.getName())) {
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(info.getClassName());
System.out.println("Attempt to set look and feel to " + info.getName());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else {
System.out.println("Metal look and feel is the default");
}
break;
}
}
System.out.println("Testing with " + UIManager.getLookAndFeel().getName()); // Setup the GUI.
JFrame frame = new JFrame("A frame");
frame.setJMenuBar(new JMenuBar());
for (int menuIndex = 0; menuIndex < menus.length; menuIndex++) {
menus[menuIndex] = new JMenu("Menu " + menuIndex);
frame.getJMenuBar().add(menus[menuIndex]);
for (int itemIndex = 0; itemIndex <= menus.length - menuIndex; itemIndex++) {
// It seems that the problem only occurs if the drop down is displayed outside the frame at the right
// (not sure though). A rather long item name.
JMenuItem item = new JMenuItem("Menu " + menuIndex + " item " + itemIndex);
menus[menuIndex].add(item);
}
}
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.pack();
frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
});
syncAndDelay();
}
private static void moveAndClickCenter(Component c) throws Exception {
moveToCenter(c);
click();
}
private static void moveToCenter(final Component c) throws Exception {
final Point cp = new Point();
SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
Point p = new Point(c.getWidth() / 2, c.getHeight() / 2);
SwingUtilities.convertPointToScreen(p, c);
cp.setLocation(p);
}
});
robot.mouseMove(cp.x, cp.y);
syncAndDelay();
}
private static void syncAndDelay() throws Exception {
if (delay > 0) {
Thread.sleep(delay);
}
toolkit.realSync();
}
private TestMenu() {
}
}
答案 1 :(得分：3)
mKorbel的回答（SunToolkit.realSync()）是正确的，但是realSync很慢并且会引发SunToolkit.InfiniteLoop。在研究realSync后，我最终使用了这种变体：
import java.awt.Toolkit;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import sun.awt.SunToolkit;
public class ToolkitUtils {
private Method syncNativeQueue;
private boolean isSyncNativeQueueZeroArguments;
public ToolkitUtils() {
syncNativeQueue = null;
isSyncNativeQueueZeroArguments = true;
try {
// Since it's a protected method, we have to iterate over declared
// methods and setAccessible.
Method[] methods = SunToolkit.class.getDeclaredMethods();
for (Method method: methods) {
String name = method.getName();
if ("syncNativeQueue".equals(name)) {
List<Class<?>> parameterTypes = Arrays.asList(method.getParameterTypes());
if (Arrays.<Class<?>>asList(long.class).equals(parameterTypes)) {
isSyncNativeQueueZeroArguments = false;
} else if (parameterTypes.isEmpty() && null == syncNativeQueue) {
isSyncNativeQueueZeroArguments = true;
} else {
continue;
}
syncNativeQueue = method;
syncNativeQueue.setAccessible(true);
}
}
} catch (SecurityException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
if (syncNativeQueue == null)
throw new IllegalStateException("Could not find method SunToolkit.syncNativeQueue.");
}
/**
* Block until Swing has dispatched events caused by the Robot or user.
*
* <p>
* It is based on {@link SunToolkit#realSync()}. Use that method if you want
* to try to wait for everything to settle down (e.g. if an event listener
* calls {@link java.awt.Component#requestFocus()},
* {@link SwingUtilities#invokeLater(Runnable)}, or
* {@link javax.swing.Timer}, realSync will block until all of those are
* done, or throw exception after trying). The disadvantage of realSync is
* that it throws {@link SunToolkit.InfiniteLoop} when the queues don't
* become idle after 20 tries.
*
* <p>
* Use this method if you only want to wait until the direct event listeners
* have been called. For example, if you need to simulate a user click
* followed by a stream input, then you can ensure that they will reach the
* program under test in the right order:
*
* <pre>
* robot.mousePress(InputEvent.BUTTON1);
* toolkitUtils.flushInputEvents(10000);
* writer.write("done with press");
* </pre>
*
* @see {@link java.awt.Robot#waitForIdle()} is no good; does not wait for
* OS input events to get to the Java process.
* @see {@link SunToolkit#realSync()} tries 20 times to wait for queues to
* settle and then throws exception. In contrast, flushInputEvents does
* not wait for queues to settle, just to flush what's already on them
* once.
* @see {@link java.awt.Toolkit#sync()} flushes graphics pipeline but not
* input events.
*
* @param syncNativeQueueTimeout
* timeout to use for syncNativeQueue. Something like 10000 is
* reasonable.
*/
public void flushInputEvents(long syncNativeQueueTimeout) {
SunToolkit toolkit = (SunToolkit) Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
// 1) SunToolkit.syncNativeQueue: block until the operating system
// delivers Robot or user events to the process.
try {
if (isSyncNativeQueueZeroArguments) {
// java 1.6
syncNativeQueue.invoke(toolkit);
} else {
// java 1.7
syncNativeQueue.invoke(toolkit, syncNativeQueueTimeout);
}
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
// 2) SunToolkit.flushPendingEvents: block until the Toolkit thread
// (aka AWT-XAWT, AWT-AppKit, or AWT-Windows) delivers enqueued events
// to the EventQueue
SunToolkit.flushPendingEvents();
// 3) SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait: block until the Swing thread (aka
// AWT-EventQueue-0) has dispatched all the enqueued input events.
try {
SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait(new Runnable(){
@Override public void run() {}});
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}