给定一个不太长的字符串,逐行读取它的最佳方法是什么?
我知道你可以这样做:
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new StringReader(<string>));
reader.readLine();
另一种方法是在eol上获取子字符串:
final String eol = System.getProperty("line.separator");
output = output.substring(output.indexOf(eol + 1));
还有其他更简单的方法吗?我对上述方法没有任何问题,只是想知道你们中是否有人知道一些看起来更简单,更有效的方法吗?
答案 0 :(得分:187)
还有Scanner
。您可以像BufferedReader
:
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(myString);
while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
String line = scanner.nextLine();
// process the line
}
scanner.close();
我认为这对于两个建议的方法都是一种更清洁的方法。
答案 1 :(得分:124)
您还可以使用String的split
方法:
String[] lines = myString.split(System.getProperty("line.separator"));
这为您提供了方便的数组中的所有行。
我不知道分裂的表现。它使用正则表达式。
答案 2 :(得分:37)
由于我对效率角度特别感兴趣,我创建了一个小测试类(如下)。 5,000,000行的结果:
Comparing line breaking performance of different solutions
Testing 5000000 lines
Split (all): 14665 ms
Split (CR only): 3752 ms
Scanner: 10005
Reader: 2060
像往常一样,确切的时间可能会有所不同,但这个比例是正确的,但我经常会这样做。
结论:&#34;更简单&#34;并且&#34;效率更高&#34; OP的要求不能同时满足,split
解决方案(在任何一个化身中)都比较简单,但Reader
实现胜过其他人。
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;
/**
* Test class for splitting a string into lines at linebreaks
*/
public class LineBreakTest {
/** Main method: pass in desired line count as first parameter (default = 10000). */
public static void main(String[] args) {
int lineCount = args.length == 0 ? 10000 : Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
System.out.println("Comparing line breaking performance of different solutions");
System.out.printf("Testing %d lines%n", lineCount);
String text = createText(lineCount);
testSplitAllPlatforms(text);
testSplitWindowsOnly(text);
testScanner(text);
testReader(text);
}
private static void testSplitAllPlatforms(String text) {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
text.split("\n\r|\r");
System.out.printf("Split (regexp): %d%n", System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
}
private static void testSplitWindowsOnly(String text) {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
text.split("\n");
System.out.printf("Split (CR only): %d%n", System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
}
private static void testScanner(String text) {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
try (Scanner scanner = new Scanner(text)) {
while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
result.add(scanner.nextLine());
}
}
System.out.printf("Scanner: %d%n", System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
}
private static void testReader(String text) {
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new StringReader(text))) {
String line = reader.readLine();
while (line != null) {
result.add(line);
line = reader.readLine();
}
} catch (IOException exc) {
// quit
}
System.out.printf("Reader: %d%n", System.currentTimeMillis() - start);
}
private static String createText(int lineCount) {
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
StringBuilder lineBuilder = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
lineBuilder.append("word ");
}
String line = lineBuilder.toString();
for (int i = 0; i < lineCount; i++) {
result.append(line);
result.append("\n");
}
return result.toString();
}
}
答案 3 :(得分:21)
使用Apache Commons IOUtils,您可以通过
很好地完成此操作List<String> lines = IOUtils.readLines(new StringReader(string));
它没有做任何聪明的事情,但它很好而且紧凑。它也会处理流,如果您愿意,也可以获得LineIterator
。
答案 4 :(得分:14)
使用Java 8
和Stream API
Method references
功能的解决方案
new BufferedReader(new StringReader(myString))
.lines().forEach(System.out::println);
或
public void someMethod(String myLongString) {
new BufferedReader(new StringReader(myLongString))
.lines().forEach(this::parseString);
}
private void parseString(String data) {
//do something
}
答案 5 :(得分:7)
自Java 11以来,有一种新方法String.lines
:
/**
* Returns a stream of lines extracted from this string,
* separated by line terminators.
* ...
*/
public Stream<String> lines() { ... }
用法:
"line1\nline2\nlines3"
.lines()
.forEach(System.out::println);
答案 6 :(得分:6)
您也可以使用:
String[] lines = someString.split("\n");
如果不起作用,请尝试将\n
替换为\r\n
。
答案 7 :(得分:6)
你可以使用包含在BufferedReader中的流api和StringReader,它在java 8中输出了line()流:
import java.util.stream.*;
import java.io.*;
class test {
public static void main(String... a) {
String s = "this is a \nmultiline\rstring\r\nusing different newline styles";
new BufferedReader(new StringReader(s)).lines().forEach(
(line) -> System.out.println("one line of the string: " + line)
);
}
}
给出
one line of the string: this is a
one line of the string: multiline
one line of the string: string
one line of the string: using different newline styles
就像在BufferedReader的readLine中一样,新行字符本身不包括在内。支持所有类型的换行符(甚至在相同的字符串中)。
答案 8 :(得分:2)
或者将新的try with resources子句与Scanner结合使用:
try (Scanner scanner = new Scanner(value)) {
while (scanner.hasNextLine()) {
String line = scanner.nextLine();
// process the line
}
}
答案 9 :(得分:2)
您可以尝试以下正则表达式:
\r?\n
代码:
String input = "\nab\n\n \n\ncd\nef\n\n\n\n\n";
String[] lines = input.split("\\r?\\n", -1);
int n = 1;
for(String line : lines) {
System.out.printf("\tLine %02d \"%s\"%n", n++, line);
}
输出:
Line 01 ""
Line 02 "ab"
Line 03 ""
Line 04 " "
Line 05 ""
Line 06 "cd"
Line 07 "ef"
Line 08 ""
Line 09 ""
Line 10 ""
Line 11 ""
Line 12 ""
答案 10 :(得分:1)
最简单,最通用的方法是只使用与Linebreak matcher
相匹配的正则表达式\R
Any Unicode linebreak sequence
:
Pattern NEWLINE = Pattern.compile("\\R")
String lines[] = NEWLINE.split(input)
@请参阅https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/java.base/java/util/regex/Pattern.html