将多个不同的数组传递给shell函数

时间:2012-06-08 18:02:51

标签: bash

因为除了ksh之外的shell不支持pass-by-reference,如何在不使用全局变量的情况下将多个数组传递给bash中的函数,并且允许将任何合法变量内容作为数组元素包含在内(没有保留的印记)?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:17)

自bash 4.3

截至2016年,现代bash支持按引用传递(a.k.a nameref属性):

demo_multiple_arrays() {
  local -n _array_one=$1
  local -n _array_two=$2
  printf '1: %q\n' "${_array_one[@]}"
  printf '2: %q\n' "${_array_two[@]}"
}

array_one=( "one argument" "another argument" )
array_two=( "array two part one" "array two part two" )

demo_multiple_arrays array_one array_two

另请参见手册页中的declare -n


在bash 4.3之前

这可以通过使用调用约定来安全地完成,该约定在每个数组之前放置参数个数,如下所示:

demo_multiple_arrays() {
  declare -i num_args array_num;
  declare -a curr_args;
  while (( $# )) ; do
    curr_args=( )
    num_args=$1; shift
    while (( num_args-- > 0 )) ; do
      curr_args+=( "$1" ); shift
    done
    printf "$((++array_num)): %q\n" "${curr_args[@]}"
  done
}

然后可以按如下方式调用:

array_one=( "one argument" "another argument" )
array_two=( "array two part one" "array two part two" )
demo_multiple_arrays \
  "${#array_one[@]}" "${array_one[@]}" \
  "${#array_two[@]}" "${array_two[@]}"

答案 1 :(得分:1)

也可以使用eval完成:

declare -a a=( "aa bb" 123 '$ $ $' )
declare -a b=( "bb cc" 456 '###' )

printf "\n%s\n" 'a before sub:'
printf "'%s'\n" "${a[@]}"
printf "\n%s\n" 'b after sub:'
printf "'%s'\n" "${b[@]}"


sub ()
{
  eval a0=\${$1[0]}                     # get value a[0]
  eval b1=\${$2[1]}                     # get value b[1]
  echo "a[0] = '$a0'"
  echo "b[1] = '$b1'"

  eval $1[0]='a---a'                    # set value a[0]
  eval $2[1]=999                        # set value b[1]

} # ----------  end of function sub  ----------

sub a b     # call function sub

printf "\n%s\n" 'a after sub:'
printf "'%s'\n" "${a[@]}"
printf "\n%s\n" 'b after sub:'
printf "'%s'\n" "${b[@]}"

输出:

a before sub:
'aa bb'
'123'
'$ $ $'

b after sub:
'bb cc'
'456'
'###'
a[0] = 'aa bb'
b[1] = '456'

a after sub:
'a---a'
'123'
'$ $ $'

b after sub:
'bb cc'
'999'
'###'