处理Django日历应用中的重复事件

时间:2012-06-07 18:26:33

标签: django django-models

我正在Django开发一个日历应用程序。

相关模型结构如下:

class Lesson(models.Model):
  RECURRENCE_CHOICES = (
    (0, 'None'),
    (1, 'Daily'),
    (7, 'Weekly'),
    (14, 'Biweekly')
  )
  frequency = models.IntegerField(choices=RECURRENCE_CHOICES)
  lessonTime = models.TimeField('Lesson Time')
  startDate = models.DateField('Start Date')
  endDate = models.DateField('End Date')
  student = models.ForeignKey(Student)

class CancelledLesson(models.Model):
  lesson = models.ForeignKey(Lesson)
  student = models.ForeignKey(Student)
  cancelledLessonDate = models.DateField() # Actual date lesson has been cancelled, this is startDate + Frequency

class PaidLesson(models.Model):
  lesson = models.ForeignKey(Lesson)
  student = models.ForeignKey(Student)
  actualDate = models.DateField() # Actual date lesson took place
  paidAmt = models.DecimalField('Amount Paid', max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)
  paidDate = models.DateField('date paid')

class CompositeLesson(models.Model):
  # only used to aggregate lessons for individual lesson management
  lesson = models.ForeignKey(Lesson)
  student = models.ForeignKey(Student)
  actualDate = models.DateTimeField()
  isCancelled = models.BooleanField()
  canLesson = models.ForeignKey(CancelledLesson, blank=True, null=True)
  payLesson = models.ForeignKey(PaidLesson, blank=True, null=True)

显然这会导致显示属于特定学生的课程的问题。我试图做的是显示一个表格,显示学生姓名加上所有预定课程的实例。我正在动态计算重复,以避免炸毁我的数据库。重复的例外(即课程取消)存储在他们自己的表中。生成重复时,将根据取消的课程表检查重复次数。

请在此处查看我的代码以生成重复(以及由此引起的问题的小目录):Can't get key to display in Django template

我对Python相对缺乏经验,而且我正在使用这个项目来了解很多概念,所以如果我错过了本质上是“Pythonic”的东西,我道歉。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

问题的关键部分在于您使用少数模型来跟踪一个概念,因此您会引入大量重复和复杂性。每个附加模型都是Lesson的“类型”,因此您应该在此使用继承。此外,大多数附加模型仅仅跟踪Lesson的特定特征,因此实际上不应该是模型本身。这就是我设置它的方式:

class Lesson(models.Model):
    RECURRENCE_CHOICES = (
        (0, 'None'),
        (1, 'Daily'),
        (7, 'Weekly'),
        (14, 'Biweekly')
    )

    student = models.ForeignKey(Student)
    frequency = models.IntegerField(choices=RECURRENCE_CHOICES)
    lessonTime = models.TimeField('Lesson Time')
    startDate = models.DateField('Start Date')
    endDate = models.DateField('End Date')
    cancelledDate = models.DateField('Cancelled Date', blank=True, null=True)
    paidAmt = models.DecimalField('Amount Paid', max_digits=5, decimal_places=2, blank=True, null=True)
    paidDate = models.DateField('Date Paid', blank=True, null=True)

class CancelledLessonManager(models.Manager):
    def get_query_set(self):
        return self.filter(cancelledDate__isnull=False)

class CancelledLesson(Lesson):
    class Meta:
        proxy = True

     objects = CancelledLessonManager()

class PaidLessonManager(models.Manager):
    def get_query_set(self):
        return self.filter(paidDate__isnull=False)

class PaidLesson(Lesson):
      class Meta:
          proxy = True

      objects = PaidLessonManager()

您会注意到我已将所有属性移至Lesson。这是应该的方式。例如,Lesson有一个cancelledDate字段。如果该字段为NULL,则不会取消。如果是实际日期,则取消。不需要其他模型。

但是,我已将CancelledLessonPaidLesson留给了教学目的。这些现在是Django所谓的“代理模型”。他们没有自己的数据库表(所以没有讨厌的数据重复)。它们纯粹是为了方便。每个人都有一个自定义管理器来返回相应的匹配Lessons,因此您可以执行CancelledLesson.objects.all()并仅获取已取消的Lesson个,例如。您还可以使用代理模型在管理员中创建唯一视图。如果您希望仅为CancelledLesson设置管理区域,则所有数据仍会进入Lesson的一个表格。

CompositeLesson已经消失,而且很好。这是试图将这三个其他模型组合成一个有凝聚力的东西的产物。这不再是必要的,因此您的查询将更容易

修改

我忽略了你可以而且应该为Lesson模型添加实用工具方法。例如,虽然从数据库的角度来看,取消/取消该字段是否为NULL是有意义的,但从编程的角度来看,它并不是那么直观。因此,您可能希望执行以下操作:

@property
def is_cancelled(self):
    return self.cancelledDate is not None

...

if lesson.is_cancelled:
   print 'This lesson is cancelled'

或者:

import datetime

...

def cancel(self, date=None, commit=True):
    self.cancelledDate = date or datetime.date.today()
    if commit:
        self.save()

然后,您只需拨打lesson.cancel()即可取消课程,今天默认取消课程。如果您希望将来取消它,您可以传递一个日期:lesson.cancel(date=tommorrow)(其中tomorrowdatetime)。如果要在保存之前进行其他处理,请传递commit=False,它实际上不会将对象保存到数据库中。然后,在准备就绪时致电lesson.save()

答案 1 :(得分:1)

这就是我想出的。我觉得lesson_in_range()可能不像我能得到的那样是“Pythonic”,但这就是我需要做的事情。

class Lesson(models.Model):
RECURRENCE_CHOICES = (
    (0, 'None'),
    (1, 'Daily'),
    (7, 'Weekly'),
    (14, 'Biweekly')
)
relatedLesson = models.ForeignKey('self', null=True, blank=True)
student = models.ForeignKey(Student)
frequency = models.IntegerField(choices=RECURRENCE_CHOICES, null=True, blank=True)
lessonTime = models.TimeField('Lesson Time', null=True, blank=True)
startDate = models.DateField('Start Date')
endDate = models.DateField('End Date', null=True, blank=True)
isCancelled = models.BooleanField(default = False)
amtBilled = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2, null=True, blank=True)
amtPaid = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2, null=True, blank=True)

def get_exceptions(self):
    return Lesson.objects.filter(relatedLesson = self.id)

def cancel(self, date=None):
    if date:
        x = Lesson()
        x = self
        x.pk = None
        x.relatedLesson = self.id
        x.isCancelled = True
        x.startDate = date
        x.endDate = date
        x.save()
    else:
        self.endDate = datetime.date.today()
        self.save()
    return

def pay_lesson(self, date, amount):
    x = Lesson()
    x = self
    x.pk = None
    x.relatedLesson = self.id
    x.amtPaid = amount
    x.startDate = date
    x.endDate = date
    x.save()
    return

def lessons_in_range(self, startDate, endDate):
    if (self.startDate > endDate) or (self.endDate < startDate):
        return None
    if self.endDate < endDate:
        endDate = self.endDate
    ex = self.get_exceptions()
    if self.frequency == 0:
        if ex:
            return ex
        else:
            return self
    sd = next_date(self.startDate, self.frequency, startDate)
    lessonList = []
    while (sd <= endDate):
        exf = ex.filter(startDate = sd)
        if exf:
            # lesson already exists in database, add it
            lessonList.append(exf)
        elif sd == self.startDate:
            # lesson is the original lesson, add that
            lessonList.append(self)
        else:
            # lesson does not exist, create it in the database then add it to the list
            x = Lesson()
            x.student = self.student
            x.frequency = 0
            x.lessonTime = self.lessonTime
            x.relatedLesson = self
            x.startDate = sd
            x.endDate = sd
            x.isCancelled = False
            x.amtBilled = self.amtBilled    
            x.amtPaid = None
            x.save()
            lessonList.append(x)
        sd += timedelta(self.frequency)
    return lessonList