使用线程和队列模块在Python中进行多线程处理

时间:2012-05-29 07:00:32

标签: python-2.7

我有一个包含数十万行的文件,每行需要经历相同的过程(计算协方差)。我打算多线程,因为它需要很长时间。然而,我所看到的所有示例/教程对于我想做的事情来说都相当复杂。如果有人能指出我一个很好的教程,解释如何将两个模块组合在一起,这将是很好的。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

每当我必须并行处理某些内容时,我会使用与此类似的内容(我只是将其从现有脚本中删除):

#!/usr/bin/env python2
# This Python file uses the following encoding: utf-8

import os, sys, time
from multiprocessing import Queue, Manager, Process, Value, Event, cpu_count

class ThreadedProcessor(object):
  def __init__(self, parser, input_file, output_file, threads=cpu_count()):
    self.parser = parser

    self.num_processes = threads
    self.input_file = input_file
    self.output_file = output_file

    self.shared_proxy = Manager()

    self.input_queue = Queue()
    self.output_queue = Queue()

    self.input_process = Process(target=self.parse_input)
    self.output_process = Process(target=self.write_output)

    self.processes = [Process(target=self.process_row) for i in range(self.num_processes)]

    self.input_process.start()
    self.output_process.start()

    for process in self.processes:
      process.start()

    self.input_process.join()

    for process in self.processes:
      process.join()

    self.output_process.join()

  def parse_input(self):
    for index, row in enumerate(self.input_file):
      self.input_queue.put([index, row])

    for i in range(self.num_processes):
      self.input_queue.put('STOP')

  def process_row(self):
    for index, row in iter(self.input_queue.get, 'STOP'):
      self.output_queue.put([index, row[0], self.parser.parse(row[1])])

    self.output_queue.put('STOP')

  def write_output(self):
    current = 0
    buffer = {}

    for works in range(self.num_processes):
      for index, id, row in iter(self.output_queue.get, 'STOP'):
        if index != current:
          buffer[index] = [id] + row
        else:
          self.output_file.writerow([id] + row)
          current += 1

          while current in buffer:
            self.output_file.writerow(buffer[current])
            del buffer[current]
            current += 1

基本上,您有两个进程来管理文件的读/写。一个读取并解析输入,另一个读取“完成”队列并写入输出文件。产生了其他进程(在这种情况下,数字等于CPU拥有的总处理器核心数),它们都处理来自输入队列的元素。