Question

我有一个偏斜的数据集，我需要按操作进行分组，然后对它进行嵌套的foreach。由于数据偏差，很少有减速机需要很长时间，而其他减速机则没有时间。我知道存在偏差连接但是对于分组和foreach有什么用？这是我的猪代码（重命名变量）：

foo_grouped = GROUP foo_grouped by FOO;
FOO_stats = FOREACH foo_grouped 
{ 
a_FOO_total = foo_grouped.ATTR; 
a_FOO_total = DISTINCT a_FOO_total; 

bar_count = foo_grouped.BAR; 
bar_count = DISTINCT bar_count; 

a_FOO_type1 = FILTER foo_grouped by COND1=='Y';
a_FOO_type1 = a_FOO_type1.ATTR; 
a_FOO_type1 = DISTINCT a_FOO_type1;

a_FOO_type2 = FILTER foo_grouped by COND2=='Y' OR COND3=='HIGH'; 
a_FOO_type2 = a_FOO_type2.ATTR; 
a_FOO_type2 = DISTINCT a_FOO_type2; 

generate group as FOO, 
COUNT(a_FOO_total) as a_FOO_total, COUNT(a_FOO_type1) as a_FOO_type1, COUNT(a_FOO_type2)     as a_FOO_type2, COUNT(bar_count) as bar_count; }

Answer 1

在您的示例中，FOREACH中有许多嵌套的DISTINCT运算符在reducer中执行，它依赖于RAM来计算唯一值，并且此查询只生成一个Job。如果组中的唯一元素太多，您也可以获得与内存相关的异常。

幸运的是，PIG Latin是一种数据流语言，您可以编写一些执行计划。为了利用更多的CPU，您可以通过强制更多可以并行执行的MapReduce作业来更改代码。为此，我们应该在不使用嵌套DISTINCT的情况下重写查询，诀窍是执行不同的操作而不是分组，就像您只有一列而不是合并结果一样。它非常像SQL，但它确实有效。这是：

records = LOAD '....' USING PigStorage(',') AS (g, a, b, c, d, fd, s, w);
selected = FOREACH records GENERATE g, a, b, c, d;
grouped_a = FOREACH selected GENERATE g, a;
grouped_a = DISTINCT grouped_a;
grouped_a_count = GROUP grouped_a BY g;
grouped_a_count = FOREACH grouped_a_count GENERATE FLATTEN(group) as g, COUNT(grouped_a) as a_count;

grouped_b = FOREACH selected GENERATE g, b;
grouped_b = DISTINCT grouped_b;
grouped_b_count = GROUP grouped_b BY g;
grouped_b_count = FOREACH grouped_b_count GENERATE FLATTEN(group) as g, COUNT(grouped_b) as b_count;

grouped_c = FOREACH selected GENERATE g, c;
grouped_c = DISTINCT grouped_c;
grouped_c_count = GROUP grouped_c BY g;
grouped_c_count = FOREACH grouped_c_count GENERATE FLATTEN(group) as g, COUNT(grouped_c) as c_count;

grouped_d = FOREACH selected GENERATE g, d;
grouped_d = DISTINCT grouped_d;
grouped_d_count = GROUP grouped_d BY g;
grouped_d_count = FOREACH grouped_d_count GENERATE FLATTEN(group) as g, COUNT(grouped_d) as d_count;

mrg = JOIN grouped_a_count BY g, grouped_b_count BY g, grouped_c_count BY g, grouped_d_count BY g;
out = FOREACH mrg GENERATE grouped_a_count::g, grouped_a_count::a_count, grouped_b_count::b_count, grouped_c_count::c_count, grouped_d_count::d_count;
STORE out into '....' USING PigStorage(',');

执行后，我得到了以下摘要，该摘要显示不同的操作没有受到数据偏差的影响，由第一个Job处理：

Job Stats (time in seconds):
      JobId            Maps    Reduces MaxMapTime      MinMapTIme      AvgMapTime      MaxReduceTime   MinReduceTime   AvgReduceTime   Alias   Feature Outputs
job_201206061712_0244   669     45      75      8       13      376     18      202     grouped_a,grouped_b,grouped_c,grouped_d,records,selected        DISTINCT,MULTI_QUERY
job_201206061712_0245   1       1       3       3       3       12      12      12      grouped_c_count GROUP_BY,COMBINER
job_201206061712_0246   1       1       3       3       3       12      12      12      grouped_b_count GROUP_BY,COMBINER
job_201206061712_0247   5       1       48      27      33      30      30      30      grouped_a_count GROUP_BY,COMBINER
job_201206061712_0248   1       1       3       3       3       12      12      12      grouped_d_count GROUP_BY,COMBINER
job_201206061712_0249   4       1       3       3       3       12      12      12      mrg,out HASH_JOIN       ...,
Input(s):
Successfully read 52215768 records (44863559501 bytes) from: "...."

Output(s):
Successfully stored 9 records (181 bytes) in: "..."

从Job DAG我们可以看到groupby操作是并行执行的：

Job DAG:
job_201206061712_0244   ->      job_201206061712_0248,job_201206061712_0246,job_201206061712_0247,job_201206061712_0245,
job_201206061712_0248   ->      job_201206061712_0249,
job_201206061712_0246   ->      job_201206061712_0249,
job_201206061712_0247   ->      job_201206061712_0249,
job_201206061712_0245   ->      job_201206061712_0249,
job_201206061712_0249

它在我的数据集上正常工作，其中一个组键值（在g列中）产生95％的数据。它还摆脱了与内存相关的异常。

Answer 2

我最近遇到了这个连接的错误..如果组中有空，那么整个关系将被删除..

如何在PIG拉丁语中优化分组声明？

2 个答案: