我在cygwin $ HOME / .bashrc
中设置了以下变量PATH=/bin:/usr/sbin:"/cygdrive/c/Program Files/Java/jdk1.6.0_26/bin":$PATH
问题是，当我登录并执行.bashrc时，我会按以下方式开始重复：
Dragos@dragos ~
$ echo $PATH | tr ':' '\n'
/bin
/usr/sbin
/cygdrive/c/Program Files/Java/jdk1.6.0_26/bin
/bin
/usr/sbin
/cygdrive/c/Program Files/Java/jdk1.6.0_26/bin
/usr/local/bin
/usr/bin
/cygdrive/c/WINDOWS
/cygdrive/c/WINDOWS/system32
/cygdrive/c/WINDOWS/System32/Wbem
/cygdrive/c/curl
/
/cygdrive/c/gnupg
/cygdrive/c/Progra~1/cvsnt
/cygdrive/c/Progra~1/GNU/WinCvs 2.0
/cygdrive/c/Progra~1/Notepad++
/cygdrive/c/Progra~1/PuTTY
/cygdrive/c/Progra~1/WinSCP
/cygdrive/c/Python26
/cygdrive/c/Python26/Lib/site-packages/PyQt4/bin
/cygdrive/c/Python26/Scripts
/usr/bin
/usr/lib/lapack
有谁知道是什么原因引起的？
这是我的.bashrc
$ cat ~/.bashrc
# base-files version 3.7-1
# To pick up the latest recommended .bashrc content,
# look in /etc/defaults/etc/skel/.bashrc
# Modifying /etc/skel/.bashrc directly will prevent
# setup from updating it.
# The copy in your home directory (~/.bashrc) is yours, please
# feel free to customise it to create a shell
# environment to your liking. If you feel a change
# would be benificial to all, please feel free to send
# a patch to the cygwin mailing list.
# User dependent .bashrc file
# Shell Options
# #############
# See man bash for more options...
# Don't wait for job termination notification
# set -o notify
# Don't use ^D to exit
# set -o ignoreeof
# Use case-insensitive filename globbing
# shopt -s nocaseglob
# Make bash append rather than overwrite the history on disk
# shopt -s histappend
# When changing directory small typos can be ignored by bash
# for example, cd /vr/lgo/apaache would find /var/log/apache
# shopt -s cdspell
# Completion options
# ##################
# These completion tuning parameters change the default behavior of bash_completion:
# Define to access remotely checked-out files over passwordless ssh for CVS
# COMP_CVS_REMOTE=1
# Define to avoid stripping description in --option=description of './configure --help'
# COMP_CONFIGURE_HINTS=1
# Define to avoid flattening internal contents of tar files
# COMP_TAR_INTERNAL_PATHS=1
# If this shell is interactive, turn on programmable completion enhancements.
# Any completions you add in ~/.bash_completion are sourced last.
# case $- in
# *i*) [[ -f /etc/bash_completion ]] && . /etc/bash_completion ;;
# esac
# History Options
# ###############
# Don't put duplicate lines in the history.
# export HISTCONTROL="ignoredups"
# Ignore some controlling instructions
# export HISTIGNORE="[ ]*:&:bg:fg:exit"
# Whenever displaying the prompt, write the previous line to disk
# export PROMPT_COMMAND="history -a"
# Aliases
# #######
# Some example alias instructions
# If these are enabled they will be used instead of any instructions
# they may mask. For example, alias rm='rm -i' will mask the rm
# application. To override the alias instruction use a \ before, ie
# \rm will call the real rm not the alias.
# Interactive operation...
# alias rm='rm -i'
# alias cp='cp -i'
# alias mv='mv -i'
# Default to human readable figures
# alias df='df -h'
# alias du='du -h'
# Misc :)
# alias less='less -r' # raw control characters
# alias whence='type -a' # where, of a sort
# alias grep='grep --color' # show differences in colour
# Some shortcuts for different directory listings
alias ls='ls -hF --color=tty' # classify files in colour
# alias dir='ls --color=auto --format=vertical'
# alias vdir='ls --color=auto --format=long'
# alias ll='ls -l' # long list
# alias la='ls -A' # all but . and ..
# alias l='ls -CF' #
# Functions
# #########
# Some example functions
# function settitle() { echo -ne "\e]2;$@\a\e]1;$@\a"; }
# Notepad++ function
# Pass in a UNIX path
# Starts notepad++ given a UNIX path argument
function notepadpp() {
local notepadUnixPath="/cygdrive/c/Program Files/Notepad++/notepad++.exe"
#local notepadArgPath=$(eval $(echo cygpath -w -a "$*"))
local notepadArgPath=`cygpath -w -a "$*"`
"$notepadUnixPath" -multiInst "$notepadArgPath" &
}
alias notepad++=notepadpp
# Explorer function
# Pass in a UNIX path
# Starts explorer given a UNIX path argument
function explorer() {
local explorerArgPath=`cygpath -w -a "$*"`
cmd /C start "" "$explorerArgPath" &
}
alias vi=vim
# Change filename starting with prefix string to another prefix string
alias mvprefix='$HOME/mvprefix.sh'
# Change filename ending with suffix string to another suffix string
alias mvsuffix='$HOME/mvsuffix.sh'
# Change filename ending with suffix string to a string prefixed with todays date
alias todaysuffix='$HOME/todaysuffix.sh'
# Generate secure passwords by default
alias pwgen='pwgen -y -c -s -n'
export INPUTRC=$HOME/.inputrc
export EDITOR=vim
export PATH=/bin:/usr/sbin:"/cygdrive/c/Program Files/Java/jdk1.6.0_26/bin":$PATH
# Overwrite DOS env variable APPDATA with our own for installing perl CPANPLUS
export APPDATA=$HOME
这是我的.bash_profile
$ cat .bash_profile
# base-files version 3.7-1
# To pick up the latest recommended .bash_profile content,
# look in /etc/defaults/etc/skel/.bash_profile
# Modifying /etc/skel/.bash_profile directly will prevent
# setup from updating it.
# The copy in your home directory (~/.bash_profile) is yours, please
# feel free to customise it to create a shell
# environment to your liking. If you feel a change
# would be benifitial to all, please feel free to send
# a patch to the cygwin mailing list.
# ~/.bash_profile: executed by bash for login shells.
# source the system wide bashrc if it exists
if [ -e /etc/bash.bashrc ] ; then
source /etc/bash.bashrc
fi
# source the users bashrc if it exists
if [ -e "${HOME}/.bashrc" ] ; then
source "${HOME}/.bashrc"
fi
# Set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
# if [ -d "${HOME}/bin" ] ; then
# PATH=${HOME}/bin:${PATH}
# fi
# Set MANPATH so it includes users' private man if it exists
# if [ -d "${HOME}/man" ]; then
# MANPATH=${HOME}/man:${MANPATH}
# fi
# Set INFOPATH so it includes users' private info if it exists
# if [ -d "${HOME}/info" ]; then
# INFOPATH=${HOME}/info:${INFOPATH}
# fi
这是我的/etc/bash.bashrc
$ cat /etc/bash.bashrc
# To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all
# copyright and related and neighboring rights to this software to the
# public domain worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty.
# You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication along
# with this software.
# If not, see <http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/>.
# base-files version 4.1-1
# /etc/bash.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for interactive shells.
# The latest version as installed by the Cygwin Setup program can
# always be found at /etc/defaults/etc/bash.bashrc
# Modifying /etc/bash.bashrc directly will prevent
# setup from updating it.
# System-wide bashrc file
# Check that we haven't already been sourced.
([[ -z ${CYG_SYS_BASHRC} ]] && CYG_SYS_BASHRC="1") || return
# If not running interactively, don't do anything
[[ "$-" != *i* ]] && return
# Set a default prompt of: user@host and current_directory
PS1='\[\e]0;\w\a\]\n\[\e[32m\]\u@\h \[\e[33m\]\w\[\e[0m\]\n\$ '
# Uncomment to use the terminal colours set in DIR_COLORS
# eval "$(dircolors -b /etc/DIR_COLORS)"
我不会在上面的set PATH=命令之外的任何地方修改$ HOME / .bashrc中的$ PATH。
如果我只在$ PATH前面添加一条路径，那么它也会重复：
PATH="/cygdrive/c/Program Files/Java/jdk1.6.0_26/bin":$PATH
结果：
Dragos@dragos ~
$ echo $PATH | tr ':' '\n'
/cygdrive/c/Program Files/Java/jdk1.6.0_26/bin
/cygdrive/c/Program Files/Java/jdk1.6.0_26/bin
/usr/local/bin
/usr/bin
/cygdrive/c/WINDOWS
/cygdrive/c/WINDOWS/system32
/cygdrive/c/WINDOWS/System32/Wbem
/cygdrive/c/curl
/
/cygdrive/c/gnupg
/cygdrive/c/Progra~1/cvsnt
/cygdrive/c/Progra~1/GNU/WinCvs 2.0
/cygdrive/c/Progra~1/Notepad++
/cygdrive/c/Progra~1/PuTTY
/cygdrive/c/Progra~1/WinSCP
/cygdrive/c/Python26
/cygdrive/c/Python26/Lib/site-packages/PyQt4/bin
/cygdrive/c/Python26/Scripts
/usr/bin
/usr/lib/lapack
所以...为什么重复？
附录：
我发现我在C:\cygwin\Cygwin.bat中执行了两次bash
原因是我有一个上下文菜单命令“Open Bash Here”
C:\cygwin\Cygwin.bat
这是我的C:\cygwin\Cygwin.bat
@echo off
C:
set PATH=%PATH%;C:\cygwin\bin
REM SHELL needed for any screen instances started from bash
set SHELL=/bin/bash
set HOME=C:\cygwin\home\Dragos
set HOMEDRIVE=C:
set HOMEPATH=\cygwin\home\Dragos
REM
if not [%1]==[] (
C:\cygwin\bin\cygpath %1 > tmpFile
set /p startingpath= < tmpFile
del tmpFile
)
if "%startingpath%"=="" start C:\cygwin\bin\mintty.exe --icon /Cygwin-Terminal.ico --size 140,50 --exec /bin/bash --login -c "exec /bin/bash -rcfile ~/.bashrc"
if not "%startingpath%"=="" start C:\cygwin\bin\mintty.exe --icon /Cygwin-Terminal.ico --size 140,50 --exec /bin/bash --login -c "cd '%startingpath%'; exec /bin/bash -rcfile ~/.bashrc"
exit
附录：
在调用bash时，我需要将--noprofile --norc传递给bash
这是更新后的C:\cygwin\Cygwin.bat
@echo off
C:
set PATH=%PATH%;C:\cygwin\bin
REM SHELL needed for any screen instances started from bash
set SHELL=/bin/bash
set HOME=C:\cygwin\home\Dragos
set HOMEDRIVE=C:
set HOMEPATH=\cygwin\home\Dragos
REM
if not [%1]==[] (
C:\cygwin\bin\cygpath %1 > tmpFile
set /p startingpath= < tmpFile
del tmpFile
)
if "%startingpath%"=="" start C:\cygwin\bin\mintty.exe --icon /Cygwin-Terminal.ico --size 140,50 --exec /bin/bash --login
if not "%startingpath%"=="" start C:\cygwin\bin\mintty.exe --icon /Cygwin-Terminal.ico --size 140,50 --exec /bin/bash --noprofile --norc --login -c "cd '%startingpath%'; exec /bin/bash -rcfile ~/.bashrc"
exit
答案 0 :(得分：1)
我没有安装Cygwin，而且我没有Windows机器，所以我不能给你一大堆细节。
查看man bash页面是否可以为您提供帮助。在正常的BASH中，/etc/profile，/etc/bashrc，$HOME/.bash_profile，$HOME/.bashrc，有时$HOME/.profile都被读入，具体取决于这是否是登录shell或不。 Cygwin在/etc目录中拥有每个这些文件的特殊版本。但是，还有其他脚本被调用并且可能会影响您的Cygwin环境。例如，有一些特殊的脚本可以导入Windows环境变量，包括%PATH%。
在Cygwin中，默认情况下将Windows %PATH%变量包含在Cygwin路径中。它实际上是所有Windows环境变量的一般导入（根据安装情况，\有时会转换为/并使用短目录名称。
如果您为Cygwin命令行打开xterm窗口而不是标准Windows控制台窗口，则还必须检查 xserve 脚本（或其他任何名称），因为它还会导入很多进入Cygwin环境。
我过去使用过Cygwin，每次使用Cygwin时，我都会发现自己正在追查这些确切的事情，还有一些其他问题：例如，默认的Kornshell加载环境脚本中有一个错误。我相信他们有一个文字“^ G”而不是Ctrl-G，或者它可能是另一个控制角色。我不记得了。我所知道的是每次安装时我花了大约一两个小时清理我的Cygwin环境。我喜欢Cygwin，但这可能很痛苦。
抱歉，我无法向您提供更具体的指示。
答案 1 :(得分：0)
只需将PATH设置为您喜欢的内容（不提及$PATH）。你不应该相信PATH一些随机的系统管理员认为它是一个好的PATH。在最后为shell发送的文件中执行此操作。