我的目标是使用CreateFile打开通过USB连接的打印机（然后发出一些WriteFile和ReadFile s。
如果打印机是LPT打印机，我只需CreateFile("LPT1:", ...)。但是对于USB打印机，必须将一个特殊的设备路径传递给CreateFile才能打开该打印机。
此设备路径as I was able to find通过SetupDiGetClassDevs - ＆gt;检索到SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces - ＆gt; SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail - ＆gt; DevicePath member看起来像这样：
\\?\usb#vid_0a5f&pid_0027#46a072900549#{28d78fad-5a12-11d1-ae5b-0000f803a8c2}
一切都很好，但我输入的是人类可读的打印机名称，如Devices and Printers中所示。 SetupDi*函数似乎没有使用它们，它们仅在device instance IDs上运行。所以问题是现在如何从打印机名称获取设备实例ID，然后传递给OpenPrinter 。
不难发现上面的GUID部分是GUID_DEVINTERFACE_USBPRINT，\\?\usb是固定的，所以我真正感兴趣的唯一一点是vid_0a5f&pid_0027#46a072900549#。我可以在打印机属性对话框中手动查找此路径：
转到设备和打印机
右键单击打印机
属性
切换到硬件选项卡
选择打印设备，例如ZDesigner LP2844-Z
属性
切换到详细信息选项卡
从下拉列表中选择“父级”。
但我不知道如何以编程方式执行此操作，前提是唯一给出的是打印机名称，如“设备和打印机”面板中所示。
P.S。 1：我对使用OpenPrinter然后使用WritePrinter / ReadPrinter打开打印机不感兴趣。这已经完成，工作正常，但现在的目标是不同的。
P.S。 2：我可以通过更简单的方式将可读的打印机名称转换为可以传递给CreateFile 的名称。
P.S。 3：This question，我发布了answer，与我最终想做的事情非常相关。
P.S。 4：反之亦然：如果可以从SP_DEVINFO_DATA结构中获取可读名称，这也是答案，虽然不太方便。
答案 0 :(得分：4)
以下是我最终能够提出的建议。
请确认SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Print\Printers\{0}\PNPData是支持的路径，而不是恰好在当前的实施中出现，具体取决于将来的更改。
结构对齐有点问题，我已经发布了separate question。
public static class UsbPrinterResolver
{
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
private struct SP_DEVINFO_DATA
{
public uint cbSize;
public Guid ClassGuid;
public uint DevInst;
public IntPtr Reserved;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
private struct SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA
{
public uint cbSize;
public Guid InterfaceClassGuid;
public uint Flags;
public IntPtr Reserved;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Auto, Pack = 1)]
private struct SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA // Only used for Marshal.SizeOf. NOT!
{
public uint cbSize;
public char DevicePath;
}
[DllImport("cfgmgr32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = false, ExactSpelling = true)]
private static extern uint CM_Get_Parent(out uint pdnDevInst, uint dnDevInst, uint ulFlags);
[DllImport("cfgmgr32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = false)]
private static extern uint CM_Get_Device_ID(uint dnDevInst, string Buffer, uint BufferLen, uint ulFlags);
[DllImport("cfgmgr32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = false, ExactSpelling = true)]
private static extern uint CM_Get_Device_ID_Size(out uint pulLen, uint dnDevInst, uint ulFlags);
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr SetupDiGetClassDevs([In(), MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStruct)] System.Guid ClassGuid, string Enumerator, IntPtr hwndParent, uint Flags);
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern int SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(IntPtr DeviceInfoSet, uint MemberIndex, ref SP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData);
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern int SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(IntPtr DeviceInfoSet, [In()] ref SP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData, [In(), MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStruct)] System.Guid InterfaceClassGuid, uint MemberIndex, ref SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA DeviceInterfaceData);
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern int SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(IntPtr DeviceInfoSet, [In()] ref SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA DeviceInterfaceData, IntPtr DeviceInterfaceDetailData, uint DeviceInterfaceDetailDataSize, out uint RequiredSize, IntPtr DeviceInfoData);
[DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true, ExactSpelling = true)]
private static extern int SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(IntPtr DeviceInfoSet);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
private static extern IntPtr CreateFile(string lpFileName, uint dwDesiredAccess, int dwShareMode, IntPtr lpSecurityAttributes, int dwCreationDisposition, int dwFlagsAndAttributes, IntPtr hTemplateFile);
private const uint DIGCF_PRESENT = 0x00000002U;
private const uint DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE = 0x00000010U;
private const int ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER = 122;
private const uint CR_SUCCESS = 0;
private const int FILE_SHARE_READ = 1;
private const int FILE_SHARE_WRITE = 2;
private const uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000;
private const uint GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000;
private const int OPEN_EXISTING = 3;
private static readonly Guid GUID_PRINTER_INSTALL_CLASS = new Guid(0x4d36e979, 0xe325, 0x11ce, 0xbf, 0xc1, 0x08, 0x00, 0x2b, 0xe1, 0x03, 0x18);
private static readonly Guid GUID_DEVINTERFACE_USBPRINT = new Guid(0x28d78fad, 0x5a12, 0x11D1, 0xae, 0x5b, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0x03, 0xa8, 0xc2);
private static readonly IntPtr INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE = new IntPtr(-1);
private static string GetPrinterRegistryInstanceID(string PrinterName) {
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(PrinterName)) throw new ArgumentNullException("PrinterName");
const string key_template = @"SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Print\Printers\{0}\PNPData";
using (var hk = Microsoft.Win32.Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(
string.Format(key_template, PrinterName),
Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKeyPermissionCheck.Default,
System.Security.AccessControl.RegistryRights.QueryValues
)
)
{
if (hk == null) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("PrinterName", "This printer does not have PnP data.");
return (string)hk.GetValue("DeviceInstanceId");
}
}
private static string GetPrinterParentDeviceId(string RegistryInstanceID) {
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(RegistryInstanceID)) throw new ArgumentNullException("RegistryInstanceID");
IntPtr hdi = SetupDiGetClassDevs(GUID_PRINTER_INSTALL_CLASS, RegistryInstanceID, IntPtr.Zero, DIGCF_PRESENT);
if (hdi.Equals(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)) throw new System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception();
try
{
SP_DEVINFO_DATA printer_data = new SP_DEVINFO_DATA();
printer_data.cbSize = (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(SP_DEVINFO_DATA));
if (SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(hdi, 0, ref printer_data) == 0) throw new System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception(); // Only one device in the set
uint cmret = 0;
uint parent_devinst = 0;
cmret = CM_Get_Parent(out parent_devinst, printer_data.DevInst, 0);
if (cmret != CR_SUCCESS) throw new Exception(string.Format("Failed to get parent of the device '{0}'. Error code: 0x{1:X8}", RegistryInstanceID, cmret));
uint parent_device_id_size = 0;
cmret = CM_Get_Device_ID_Size(out parent_device_id_size, parent_devinst, 0);
if (cmret != CR_SUCCESS) throw new Exception(string.Format("Failed to get size of the device ID of the parent of the device '{0}'. Error code: 0x{1:X8}", RegistryInstanceID, cmret));
parent_device_id_size++; // To include the null character
string parent_device_id = new string('\0', (int)parent_device_id_size);
cmret = CM_Get_Device_ID(parent_devinst, parent_device_id, parent_device_id_size, 0);
if (cmret != CR_SUCCESS) throw new Exception(string.Format("Failed to get device ID of the parent of the device '{0}'. Error code: 0x{1:X8}", RegistryInstanceID, cmret));
return parent_device_id;
}
finally
{
SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(hdi);
}
}
private static string GetUSBInterfacePath(string SystemDeviceInstanceID) {
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(SystemDeviceInstanceID)) throw new ArgumentNullException("SystemDeviceInstanceID");
IntPtr hdi = SetupDiGetClassDevs(GUID_DEVINTERFACE_USBPRINT, SystemDeviceInstanceID, IntPtr.Zero, DIGCF_PRESENT | DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE);
if (hdi.Equals(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)) throw new System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception();
try
{
SP_DEVINFO_DATA device_data = new SP_DEVINFO_DATA();
device_data.cbSize = (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(SP_DEVINFO_DATA));
if (SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(hdi, 0, ref device_data) == 0) throw new System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception(); // Only one device in the set
SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA interface_data = new SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA();
interface_data.cbSize = (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA));
if (SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(hdi, ref device_data, GUID_DEVINTERFACE_USBPRINT, 0, ref interface_data) == 0) throw new System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception(); // Only one interface in the set
// Get required buffer size
uint required_size = 0;
SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(hdi, ref interface_data, IntPtr.Zero, 0, out required_size, IntPtr.Zero);
int last_error_code = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
if (last_error_code != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) throw new System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception(last_error_code);
IntPtr interface_detail_data = Marshal.AllocCoTaskMem((int)required_size);
try
{
// FIXME, don't know how to calculate the size.
// See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10728644/properly-declare-sp-device-interface-detail-data-for-pinvoke
switch (IntPtr.Size)
{
case 4:
Marshal.WriteInt32(interface_detail_data, 4 + Marshal.SystemDefaultCharSize);
break;
case 8:
Marshal.WriteInt32(interface_detail_data, 8);
break;
default:
throw new NotSupportedException("Architecture not supported.");
}
if (SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(hdi, ref interface_data, interface_detail_data, required_size, out required_size, IntPtr.Zero) == 0) throw new System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception();
// TODO: When upgrading to .NET 4, replace that with IntPtr.Add
return Marshal.PtrToStringAuto(new IntPtr(interface_detail_data.ToInt64() + Marshal.OffsetOf(typeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA), "DevicePath").ToInt64()));
}
finally
{
Marshal.FreeCoTaskMem(interface_detail_data);
}
}
finally
{
SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(hdi);
}
}
public static string GetUSBPath(string PrinterName) {
return GetUSBInterfacePath(GetPrinterParentDeviceId(GetPrinterRegistryInstanceID(PrinterName)));
}
public static Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles.SafeFileHandle OpenUSBPrinter(string PrinterName) {
return new Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles.SafeFileHandle(CreateFile(GetUSBPath(PrinterName), GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE, IntPtr.Zero, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, IntPtr.Zero), true);
}
}
用法：
using (var sh = UsbPrinterResolver.OpenUSBPrinter("Zebra Large"))
{
using (var f = new System.IO.FileStream(sh, System.IO.FileAccess.ReadWrite))
{
// Read from and write to the stream f
}
}
答案 1 :(得分：4)
试试这个（Python代码）：
import _winreg
HKLM = _winreg.HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
def getDevicePath(printerName):
key = _winreg.OpenKey(HKLM,
r"SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Print\Printers\%s" \
% printerName)
value =_winreg.QueryValueEx(key, "Port")[0]
assert value.startswith("USB"), \
"Port does not start with 'USB': %s" % value
printerPortNumber = int(value.replace(u"USB", u""))
key = _winreg.OpenKey(HKLM,
r"SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\DeviceClasses" \
r"\{28d78fad-5a12-11d1-ae5b-0000f803a8c2}")
idx = 0
devicePath = None
while True:
try:
subKeyName = _winreg.EnumKey(key, idx)
subKey = _winreg.OpenKey(key, subKeyName)
try:
subSubKey = _winreg.OpenKey(subKey, r"#\Device Parameters")
baseName = _winreg.QueryValueEx(subSubKey, "Base Name")[0]
portNumber = _winreg.QueryValueEx(subSubKey, "Port Number")[0]
if baseName == "USB" and portNumber == printerPortNumber:
devicePath = subKeyName.replace("##?#USB", r"\\?\usb")
break
except WindowsError:
continue
finally:
idx += 1
except WindowsError:
break
return devicePath
答案 2 :(得分：1)
试试这个......让我知道这是否有帮助...
static void Main(string[] args)
{
ManagementObjectSearcher s = new ManagementObjectSearcher(@"Select * From Win32_PnPEntity");
foreach (ManagementObject device in s.Get())
{
// Try Name, Caption and/or Description (they seem to be same most of the time).
string Name = (string)device.GetPropertyValue("Name");
// >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Query String ...
if (Name == "O2Micro Integrated MMC/SD controller")
{
/*
class Win32_PnPEntity : CIM_LogicalDevice
{
uint16 Availability;
string Caption;
string ClassGuid;
string CompatibleID[];
uint32 ConfigManagerErrorCode;
boolean ConfigManagerUserConfig;
string CreationClassName;
string Description;
string DeviceID;
boolean ErrorCleared;
string ErrorDescription;
string HardwareID[];
datetime InstallDate;
uint32 LastErrorCode;
string Manufacturer;
string Name;
string PNPDeviceID;
uint16 PowerManagementCapabilities[];
boolean PowerManagementSupported;
string Service;
string Status;
uint16 StatusInfo;
string SystemCreationClassName;
string SystemName;
};
*/
try
{
Console.WriteLine("Name : {0}", Name);
Console.WriteLine("DeviceID : {0}", device.GetPropertyValue("DeviceID"));
Console.WriteLine("PNPDeviceID : {0}", device.GetPropertyValue("PNPDeviceID"));
Console.WriteLine("ClassGuid : {0}", device.GetPropertyValue("ClassGuid"));
Console.WriteLine("HardwareID :\n{0}", JoinStrings(device.GetPropertyValue("HardwareID") as string[]));
Console.WriteLine("CompatibleID :\n{0}", JoinStrings(device.GetPropertyValue("CompatibleID") as string[]));
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine("ERROR: {0}", e.Message);
}
}
}
}
static string JoinStrings(string[] sarray)
{
StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();
if (sarray != null)
{
foreach (string s in sarray)
b.Append(" '" + s + "'\n");
}
return b.ToString();
}
没有要测试的USB打印机，但这会提供您正在寻找的信息（包括USB设备）......
Description : O2Micro Integrated MMC/SD controller
DeviceID : PCI\VEN_1217&DEV_8221&SUBSYS_04931028&REV_05\4&26B31A7F&0&00E5
PNPDeviceID : PCI\VEN_1217&DEV_8221&SUBSYS_04931028&REV_05\4&26B31A7F&0&00E5
ClassGuid : {4d36e97b-e325-11ce-bfc1-08002be10318}
HardwareID :
'PCI\VEN_1217&DEV_8221&SUBSYS_04931028&REV_05'
'PCI\VEN_1217&DEV_8221&SUBSYS_04931028'
'PCI\VEN_1217&DEV_8221&CC_080501'
'PCI\VEN_1217&DEV_8221&CC_0805'
CompatibleID : 'PCI\VEN_1217&DEV_8221&REV_05'
'PCI\VEN_1217&DEV_8221'
'PCI\VEN_1217&CC_080501'
'PCI\VEN_1217&CC_0805'
'PCI\VEN_1217'
'PCI\CC_080501'
'PCI\CC_0805'
此外，对于URI，请在您要构建的URI中将＆＃39;更改为＆＃39;＃。
所以..
usb\vid_0a5f&pid_0027\46a072900549\{28d78fad-5a12-11d1-ae5b-0000f803a8c2}
变为
usb#vid_0a5f&pid_0027#46a072900549#{28d78fad-5a12-11d1-ae5b-0000f803a8c2}
====
由于GSerg指出Win32_Printer Class有助于上述代码，但不提供设备ID。
但是如果我使用Win32_Printer类并打印出＆＃34; PortName＆＃34;属性，对于我安装的打印机，给出了一个可以与CreateFile（）一起使用的端口/文件名并打开设备。
e.g：
Name : Microsoft XPS Document Writer
Description :
DeviceID : Microsoft XPS Document Writer
PNPDeviceID :
PortName : XPSPort:
Name : Fax
Description :
DeviceID : Fax
PNPDeviceID :
PortName : SHRFAX:
在这里写信给＆＃34; XPSPORT：＆＃34;或＆＃34; SHRFAX：＆＃34;将数据发送到打印机。这对您的USB打印机有什么作用？
答案 3 :(得分：1)
使用Microsoft的WinObj获取特定的设备名称。 http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sysinternals/bb896657.aspx。这将很快为您提供与CreateFile一起使用的正确设备名称，以便直接写入USB打印机，或者直接使用旧式并行端口输出直接写入USB打印机适配器以获得自定义电路！
要打开与特定打印机关联的端口，您可能需要使用ntcreatefile。使用EnumPrinters函数返回包含每台打印机端口名称的printer_info_2结构。然后可以使用ntcreatefile（CreateFile的NT内部版本）打开此端口名称，此处将对此进行说明：http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb432380(v=vs.85).aspx
为什么这样做？ Windows NT文件/设备名称中有三个命名空间级别，从EnumPrinters检索的端口名称只能用ntcreatefile打开，因为它只在NT命名空间中。对于某些设备，可能存在等效的win32命名空间链接以及将它们与打印机名称匹配的迂回方式，但这很难，正如其他人在先前的答案中所示。
查看Global??工具中的WinObj文件夹，以显示计算机上win32命名空间和NT命名空间之间的符号链接。旧学校COM1，COM2，LPT1等设备名称也只是Windows NT命名空间符号链接。 Google“win32 nt namespace”有更详细的解释。 （抱歉，作为新用户，我只能发布2个超链接。）
答案 4 :(得分：0)
我不是一个真正的c ++人，但我真的不认为尝试从名称生成设备ID是要走的路。但是，你可以
使用EnumPrinters并阅读PRINTER_INFO_2 structure以获取驱动程序名称，然后从this example中的注册表中读取驱动程序详细信息。
通过从PRINTER INFO structures找出打印机详细信息并正确构建，为自己生成名称。有关详细信息，请参阅http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/ff553356(v=vs.85).aspx。
编辑：您实际上可以从注册表中获取打印机的名称+设备实例ID：
HKLM \系统\ CurrentControlSet \控制\打印\打印机\