Question

我正在编写一个编程任务，以创建一个可以处理整数和双精度的函数模板。我已经做到了，但为了好玩，我想让它能够处理字符串。这是下面的功能。我该如何处理字符串？

// This program demonstrates the QuickSort Algorithm.
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <ctype.h> //needed for string handling?
using namespace std;



//**********************************************************
// partition selects the value in the middle of the        *
// array set as the pivot. The list is rearranged so       *
// all the values less than the pivot are on its left      *
// and all the values greater than pivot are on its right. *
//**********************************************************

template <class T>
int partition(T set[], int start, int end)
{
   int pivotValue, pivotIndex, mid;

   mid = (start + end) / 2;
   swap(set[start], set[mid]);
   pivotIndex = start;
   pivotValue = set[start]; // main.cpp:28: error: cannot convert 'std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >' to 'int' in assignment
   for (int scan = start + 1; scan <= end; scan++)
   {
      if (set[scan] < pivotValue) // main.cpp:31: error: no match for 'operator<' in '*(((std::string*)(((long unsigned int)scan) * 8ul)) + set) < pivotValue'
      {
         pivotIndex++;
         swap(set[pivotIndex], set[scan]);
      }
   }
   swap(set[start], set[pivotIndex]);
   return pivotIndex;
}

//************************************************
// quickSort uses the quicksort algorithm to     *
// sort set, from set[start] through set[end].   *
//************************************************

template <class T>
void quickSort(T set[], int start, int end)
{
   T pivotPoint;

   if (start < end)
   {
      // Get the pivot point.
      pivotPoint = partition(set, start, end);
      // Sort the first sub list.
      quickSort(set, start, pivotPoint - 1); // main.cpp:56: error: no match for 'operator-' in 'pivotPoint - 1'
      // Sort the second sub list.
      quickSort(set, pivotPoint + 1, end); // main.cpp:58: error: no match for 'operator+' in 'pivotPoint + 1'
   }
}

int main()
{
   const int SIZE = 10;  // Array size
   int count;            // Loop counter

   // create arrays of various data types
   int array[SIZE] = {7, 3, 9, 2, 0, 1, 8, 4, 6, 5};
//   string array[SIZE] = {"7", "3", "9", "2","7", "3", "9", "2","a","r"};
   double array2[SIZE] = {7.1, 3.3, 9.0, 2.7, 0.2, 1.5, 8.9, 4.5, 6.9, 5.45};

   // Display the int array contents.
   cout << "Displaying the int array before sorting" << endl;
   for (count = 0; count < SIZE; count++)
      cout << array[count] << " ";
   cout << endl;

   // Sort the int array.
   quickSort(array, 0, SIZE - 1);

   // Display the int array contents.
   cout << "Displaying the int array after sorting" << endl;
   for (count = 0; count < SIZE; count++)
      cout << array[count] << " ";
   cout << endl << endl;

   // Display the double array contents.
   cout << "Diplaying the double array before sorting" << endl;
   for (count = 0; count < SIZE; count++)
      cout << array2[count] << " ";
   cout << endl;

   // Sort the double array.
   quickSort(array2, 0, SIZE - 1);

   // Display the int array contents.
   cout << "Displaying the double array after sorting" << endl;
   for (count = 0; count < SIZE; count++)
      cout << array2[count] << " ";
   cout << endl;

   return 0;
}

提前致谢，

亚当

Answer 1

如果您对std::string使用T，那么您可能已经非常接近工作了。

如果您使用char*，则需要提供比较仿函数作为模板参数（或者使用其他方式指定T的比较方法，如类型特征类）

此外，您不应该实施自己的swap。 std::swap已经存在，并且会针对某些类型执行智能操作（例如，交换两个vector s是常量时间而不是复制向量中的每个对象。）

Answer 2

适用于MSVC，这有点宽容，如果你的编译器遇到问题，请告诉我。

此解决方案使用仿函数（带有operator()的类/结构），这意味着可以像调用函数一样调用对象。它还使用模板专精化 - 看看如果删除template < > LessThanCompare版char*会发生什么 - quickSort<char*, LessThanCompare<char*> >将回退到比较指针值（给出随机结果）。

在更好的实现中，您可以使用类来设置快速排序和数据透视功能 - 然后您可以使用默认模板并避免像quicksort那样调用 - 您可以说#include <iostream> #include <cstring> #include <string> using namespace std; template <class T> struct LessThanCompare { bool operator()(T lhs, T rhs) { return lhs < rhs; } }; template < > struct LessThanCompare<char*> { bool operator()(char* lhs, char* rhs) { return strcmp(lhs, rhs) == -1; // Note strcmp returns -1 if lhs < rhs } }; template <class T, class Comparator> int partition(T set[], int start, int end) { Comparator CompareLessThan; // Declare an instance of the Comparator T pivotValue; int pivotIndex, mid; // Is mid an index or a value - use descriptive names! mid = (start + end) / 2; swap(set[start], set[mid]); pivotIndex = start; pivotValue = set[start]; for (int scan = start + 1; scan <= end; scan++) { if (CompareLessThan(set[scan], pivotValue)) { pivotIndex++; swap(set[pivotIndex], set[scan]); } } swap(set[start], set[pivotIndex]); return pivotIndex; } //************************************************ // quickSort uses the quicksort algorithm to * // sort set, from set[start] through set[end]. * //************************************************ template <class T, class Comparator> void quickSort(T set[], int start, int end) { int pivotPoint; if (start < end) { // Get the pivot point. pivotPoint = partition<T, Comparator >(set, start, end); // Sort the first sub list. quickSort<T, Comparator>(set, start, pivotPoint - 1); // main.cpp:56: error: no match for 'operator-' in 'pivotPoint - 1' // Sort the second sub list. quickSort<T, Comparator>(set, pivotPoint + 1, end); // main.cpp:58: error: no match for 'operator+' in 'pivotPoint + 1' } } int main() { const int SIZE = 10; // Array size // Create arrays of strings char* cstrArr[SIZE] = { "one", "two", "three", "four", "five", "six", "seven", "eight", "nine", "ten"}; std::string strArr[SIZE]; for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; ++i) { strArr[i] = std::string(cstrArr[i]); } quickSort<char*, LessThanCompare<char*> >(cstrArr, 0, SIZE-1); quickSort<std::string, LessThanCompare<std::string> >(strArr, 0, SIZE-1); for (int i = 0; i < SIZE; ++i) { cout << cstrArr[i] << "\t\t" << strArr[i] << '\n'; } return 0; }但是这样做了有点超出了问题的范围！

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C ++：处理Ints和字符串的函数模板

2 个答案: