我正在尝试使用PInvoke将C ++库(libclang)包装到C#包装器中。
一切都很闪亮,直到我试图调用返回结构的C ++方法。 我做了所有事情by the book,但是当调用此方法时,我得到了AccessViolationException。
现在,我读到这可能是因为有些东西搞砸了对象的记忆图像。我检查并重复检查,如果我已经把所有的arrtibute和什么都没有,但Exception不会消失。 (我一直在看这段代码几个小时,所以我可能错过了一些东西,你们不这样做。)
C ++部分(不是我的代码,但我确信它有效):
CXString clang_formatDiagnostic(CXDiagnostic Diagnostic, unsigned Options) {
/* Parse the hell out of a lot of data, an then make a string
In the end, string gets wrapped in a custom struct: CXString.
*/
return createCXString(Out.str(), true);
}
这是CXString:
typedef struct {
void *data;
unsigned private_flags;
} CXString;
所以我有我的C#类来表示包装的C ++原件:
public class Diagnostic
{
private IntPtr _nativeObject;
internal IntPtr NativeObject { get { return _nativeObject; } }
[DllImport("libclang.dll", EntryPoint = "clang_formatDiagnostic")]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStruct)]
private static extern CXString FormatDiagnostic(IntPtr diag, uint options);
public Diagnostic(IntPtr native)
{
_nativeObject = native;
}
public string GetString(DiagnosticDisplayOptions options = DiagnosticDisplayOptions.DisplaySourceLocation)
{
var cxstr = FormatDiagnostic(_nativeObject, (uint)options); //<-- I get the exception here
return cxstr.GetString();
}
}
我需要的函数也是以C语言(全局)实现的,因此,我可以在我的C#类中给出OO的印象,但实际上我存储了C ++对象的IntPtr表示(_nativeObject
) 。所以我很确定,存储在_nativeObject
中的对象实际上是一个CXDiagnostic(我从同一个库的另一个函数返回了引用)。
我尝试使用FormatDiagnostic方法的实际对象从另一个包装类(TranslationUnit)的构造函数初始化:
public TranslationUnit(/*lots of params to init the unit*/)
{
//... there are some int conversions and initialization failsafe codes here
//this is a property of TranslationUnit
Diagnostics = new List<Diagnostic>();
//GetDiagnosticsCount is also PInvoke to count CXDiagnostic objects related to the TranslationUnit
var dgCnt = (int)GetDiagnosticsCount(_nativeObject);
for (int i = 0; i < dgCnt; i++)
{
//GetDiagnostic is also PInvoke, gets the CXDiagnostic at the given index
var diag_ptr = GetDiagnostic(_nativeObject, (uint)i);
Diagnostics.Add(new Diagnostic(diag_ptr));
}
//up until now, all the calls seem to work
//I get the expected count of diagnostics and none of the other
//PInvoke calls throw exceptions. They use IntPtrs, but none of them
//use structs.
}
正如MSDN教程所建议的那样,我已经创建了一个C#类来将CXString结构编组为,它看起来像这样:
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public class CXString
{
public IntPtr data;
public uint private_flags;
}
当代码到达FormatDiagnostic
时,我得到AccessViolationException。
任何可能出错的提示?
编辑:
CXDiagnostic是原始C ++代码中的指针类型:
typedef void *CXDiagnostic;
答案 0 :(得分:2)
我认为编组到LPStruct是不合适的,CXString类需要是struct。
请尝试以下代码:
public class Diagnostic
{
...
[DllImport("libclang.dll", EntryPoint = "clang_formatDiagnostic")]
private static extern CXString FormatDiagnostic(IntPtr diag, uint options);
...
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct CXString
{
public IntPtr data;
public uint private_flags;
}
此外,您应该注意调用约定(默认为StdCall,但是例如纯C使用Cdecl)和结构字节对齐。