R中开始,结束,持续时间的时间序列可视化

时间:2012-04-25 06:03:07

标签: r ggplot2 data-visualization time-series candlestick-chart

我有以下数据:

> Data
          Date    Start       End
1   2011-11-15 12:01:27 12:30:15 
2   2011-11-16 12:01:25 12:32:15 
3   2011-11-17 12:01:02 12:39:12 
4   2011-11-19 12:01:12 12:30:18

我还附加了一个持续时间列

Data[,4] <- as.numeric(difftime(Data$End,Data$Start))
names(Data)[4] <- "Duration"

我脑子里有一个Start,End的可视化,看起来有点像股票candlestickOHLC图表,其中x值是Date,y是End - Start。 / p>

End位于顶部,矩形下降到Start ---矩形的高度随持续时间的变化而变化。也就是说,每个日期都有一个不同的矩形高度,由开始和结束之间的差异决定。

此处的x轴从2011-11-15到2011-11-19。 y轴从12:00:00到12:40:00。

任何ggplot向导都能看到一个简单的方法吗?由于Start和End都随着时间的推移而变化,我是否必须使用geom_ribbon或geom_polygon而不是geom_bar或geom_area?

如果持续时间的值大于2个标准差,那么条形图的颜色会变为红色会非常酷!

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

我使用与nico类似的结构(谢谢!):

date = c("2011-11-15", "2011-11-16", "2011-11-17", "2011-11-19")
start = c("12:01:27", "12:01:25", "12:01:02", "12:01:12")
end = c("12:30:15", "12:32:15", "12:39:12", "12:30:18")

接下来,我们将其放在包含矩形角的数据框中:

##I've made the rectangles 2 hours wide
df = data.frame(date = as.POSIXct(date),
         ystart = as.POSIXct(start, format="%H:%M:%S"), 
         yend = as.POSIXct(end, format="%H:%M:%S"),
         xstart=as.POSIXct(paste(date, "12:00:00"), format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"),
         xend = as.POSIXct(paste(date, "14:00:00"), format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))

然后我们只使用geom_rect

ggplot() + geom_rect(data=df, aes(ymin=ystart, ymax=yend,
                           xmin=xend, xmax=xstart))

如果您想根据条件将其中一些设为红色,只需在数据框上创建一个额外的列:

##Your condition is something to do with the sd
df$isRed = c(TRUE, FALSE)

然后添加两个ggplot图层:

ggplot() + geom_rect(data=subset(df, !isRed), aes(ymin=ystart, ymax=yend,
                           xmin=xend, xmax=xstart)) +
           geom_rect(data=subset(df, isRed), aes(ymin=ystart, ymax=yend,
                           xmin=xend, xmax=xstart), colour="red")

示例图

enter image description here

答案 1 :(得分:3)

我不使用ggplot,但我可以给你一个基础R解决方案

# Generate the data
date <- c("2011-11-15", "2011-11-16", "2011-11-17", "2011-11-19")
start <- c("12:01:27", "12:01:25", "12:01:02", "12:01:12")
end <- c("12:30:15", "12:32:15", "12:39:12", "12:30:18")

# Put everything in a data frame and convert to POSIXct objects
# The times will be all converted to today's date
# but this will not influence the plot
df <- data.frame(date = as.POSIXct(date),
                 start = as.POSIXct(start, format="%H:%M:%S"), 
                 end = as.POSIXct(end, format="%H:%M:%S"))

# Get the working range for the axes in order to make them nicer (see below)
x.from <- as.POSIXct(min(date))
x.to <- as.POSIXct(max(date))
y.from <- as.POSIXct(min(start), format="%H:%M:%S")
y.to <- as.POSIXct(max(end), format="%H:%M:%S")

# Create an empty plot, as rect will not create a new one
# We put no axes on the plot
plot(0, "n", xaxt="n", yaxt="n", ylab="", xlab="Day", 
     ylim=c(from, to), xlim=range(df$date))

# Now draw the rectangles (I made them 2 hours-wide)
rect(df$date-3600, df$start, df$date+3600, df$end, col="black")

days <- seq(x.from, x.to, 24*3600)
times <- seq(y.from, y.to, 300) # 5 min (=300 s) axis ticks
# Finally add the axes
axis(1, at=days, labels=strftime(days, "%d/%m"))
axis(2, at=times, labels=strftime(times, "%H:%M"), las=1)

结果:

candlestick-like plot