分段故障示例未给出分段错误

时间:2012-04-21 15:07:09

标签: gcc segmentation-fault flags

我正在尝试一些段错误示例,但没有一个导致错误。

源代码来自:http://www.unknownroad.com/rtfm/gdbtut/gdbsegfault.html

示例如下:

1 : #include <stdio.h>
2 : #include <stdlib.h>

3 : int main(int argc, char **argv)
4 : {
5 :   char *buf;
6 :
7 :   buf = malloc(1<<31);
8 :
9 :   fgets(buf, 1024, stdin);
10:   printf("%s\n", buf);
11:
12:   return 1;
13: }

第一步是使用调试标志编译程序:

prompt> gcc -g segfault.c

现在我们运行程序:

prompt > ./a.out
Hello World!
Segmentation fault
prompt > 

但是,上面的示例在我的Ubuntu中没有segfault运行。我认为它与gcc选项有关,但我无法找出导致这种情况的原因。当我在另一个发行版中运行时,会出现问题。

这是我的gcc:

的输出
$ gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
Target: i486-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5.1' 
    --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-4.4/README.Bugs 
    --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++ --prefix=/usr --enable-shared 
    --enable-multiarch --enable-linker-build-id --with-system-zlib 
    --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix 
    --with-gxx-include-dir=/usr/include/c++/4.4 --program-suffix=-4.4 --enable-nls 
    --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-plugin --enable-objc-gc
    --enable-targets=all --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i486 --with-tune=generic
    --enable-checking=release --build=i486-linux-gnu --host=i486-linux-gnu
    --target=i486-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.4.3 (Ubuntu 4.4.3-4ubuntu5.1) 

我的gcc也会自动初始化变量。我想禁用它。

有没有人遇到类似的问题,或对解决方案有任何想法?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

示例代码只有段错误,如果malloc(1<<31)失败,则返回NULL。但是,如果您的系统能够分配2 GB内存而不会失败,malloc(1<<31)会成功。该段错误示例代码段是系统通常无法分配该内存量的时间段。是否成功取决于物理内存量,其他进程占用的内存量,以及内核的内存过量使用策略,以及可能使用的(libc和)内核版本。因此,您看到的不同行为可能是overcommit sysctl的不同设置,运行的不同进程集,或者显然是不同的物理内存量的结果。

来自/usr/src/linux/Documentation/vm/overcommit-accounting

The Linux kernel supports the following overcommit handling modes

0   -   Heuristic overcommit handling. Obvious overcommits of
        address space are refused. Used for a typical system. It
        ensures a seriously wild allocation fails while allowing
        overcommit to reduce swap usage.  root is allowed to 
        allocate slightly more memory in this mode. This is the 
        default.

1   -   Always overcommit. Appropriate for some scientific
        applications.

2   -   Don't overcommit. The total address space commit
        for the system is not permitted to exceed swap + a
        configurable percentage (default is 50) of physical RAM.
        Depending on the percentage you use, in most situations
        this means a process will not be killed while accessing
        pages but will receive errors on memory allocation as
        appropriate.

The overcommit policy is set via the sysctl `vm.overcommit_memory'.

The overcommit percentage is set via `vm.overcommit_ratio'.