我正在寻找一个gsub字符串,它将返回表达式的所有匹配项,而不仅仅是最后一次匹配项。即:
data <- list("a sentence with citation (Ref. 12) and another (Ref. 13)", "single (Ref. 14)")
gsub(".*(Ref. (\\d+)).*", "\\1", data)
返回
[1] "Ref. 13" "Ref. 14"
所以我失去了Ref。 12.
答案 0 :(得分:7)
您可以使用strapply
包中的gsubfn
功能执行此操作:
library(gsubfn)
data <- list("a sentence with citation (Ref. 12) and another (Ref. 13)", "single (Ref. 14)")
unlist(strapply(data,"(Ref. (\\d+))"))
答案 1 :(得分:6)
怎么样
sapply(data,stringr::str_extract_all,pattern="Ref. (\\d+))")
答案 2 :(得分:4)
这是一个函数 - 本质上是gregexpr()
的包装器 - 它将从单个字符串中捕获多个引用。
extractMatches <- function(data, pattern) {
start <- gregexpr(pattern, data)[[1]]
stop <- start + attr(start, "match.length") - 1
if(-1 %in% start) {
"" ## **Note** you could return NULL if there are no matches
} else {
mapply(substr, start, stop, MoreArgs = list(x = data))
}
}
data <- list("a sentence with citation (Ref. 12), (Ref. 13), and then (Ref. 14)",
"another sentence without reference")
pat <- "Ref. (\\d+)"
res <- lapply(data, extractMatches, pattern = pat)
res
# [[1]]
# [1] "Ref. 12" "Ref. 13" "Ref. 14"
#
# [[2]]
# [1] ""
(**注意**:如果在字符串中没有引用时返回NULL
而不是""
,那么您可以使用do.call("c", res)
对结果进行后处理以获取一个只包含匹配参考的矢量。)
答案 3 :(得分:2)
我之前遇到了一个非常类似的问题(http://thebiobucket.blogspot.com/2012/03/how-to-extract-citation-from-body-of.html),并提出了这个问题(实际上非常接近本的)解决方案:
require(stringr)
unlist(str_extract_all(unlist(data), pattern = "\\(.*?\\)"))
,并提供:
[1] "(Ref. 12)" "(Ref. 13)" "(Ref. 14)"