boost :: program_options“polymorphic”参数

时间:2012-04-16 14:28:51

标签: c++ boost boost-program-options

我想使用boost :: program_options创建一个可执行文件,可以按如下方式调用:

./example --nmax=0,10  # nmax is chosen randomly between 0 and 10
./example --nmax=9     # nmax is set to 9
./example              # nmax is set to the default value of 10

以最小的代码以类型安全的方式实现这一目标的最佳方法是什么?

4 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

  

我想使用boost :: program_options来创建可执行文件   可以这样称呼:

program_options库非常灵活,可以通过使用流插入和提取运算符编写自己的类来轻松支持。

#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
#include <boost/program_options.hpp>


class Max
{
public:
    Max() :
        _max( std::numeric_limits<int>::max() )
    {

    }

    Max(
            int max
       ) :
        _max( max )
    {

    }

    Max(
            int low,
            int high
       )
    {
        int value = rand();
        value %= (high - low);
        value += low;
        _max = value;
    }

    int value() const { return _max; }

private:     
    int _max;
};

std::ostream&
operator<<(
        std::ostream& os,
        const Max& foo
        )
{
    os << foo.value();
    return os;
}

std::istream&
operator>>(
        std::istream& is,
        Max& foo
        )
{
    std::string line;
    std::getline( is, line );
    if ( !is ) return is;

    const std::string::size_type comma = line.find_first_of( ',' );
    try {
        if ( comma != std::string::npos ) {
            const int low = boost::lexical_cast<int>( line.substr(0, comma) );
            const int high = boost::lexical_cast<int>( line.substr(comma + 1) );
            foo = Max( low, high );
        } else {
            foo = Max( boost::lexical_cast<int>(line) );
        }
    } catch ( const boost::bad_lexical_cast& e ) {
        std::cerr << "garbage when convering Max value '" << line << "'" << std::endl;

        is.setstate( std::ios::failbit );
    }

    return is;
}

int
main( int argc, char** argv )
{
    namespace po = boost::program_options;

    Max nmax;

    po::options_description options;
    options.add_options()
        ("nmax", po::value(&nmax)->default_value(10), "random number range, or value" )
        ("help,h", po::bool_switch(), "help text")
        ;

    po::variables_map vm;
    try {
        po::command_line_parser cmd_line( argc, argv );
        cmd_line.options( options );
        po::store( cmd_line.run(), vm );
        po::notify( vm );
    } catch ( const boost::program_options::error& e ) {
        std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
        exit( EXIT_FAILURE );
    }

    if ( vm["help"].as<bool>() ) {
        std::cout << argv[0] << " [OPTIONS]" << std::endl;
        std::cout << std::endl;
        std::cout << "OPTIONS:" << std::endl;
        std::cout << options << std::endl;
        exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
    }

    std::cout << "random value: " << nmax.value() << std::endl;
}

示例会话

samm:stackoverflow samm$ ./a.out
random value: 10
samm:stackoverflow samm$ ./a.out --nmax 55
random value: 55
samm:stackoverflow samm$ ./a.out --nmax 10,25
random value: 17
samm:stackoverflow samm$ 

答案 1 :(得分:1)

库不像你建议的那样提供“多态”参数类型。每个参数只有一种类型。如果要根据参数的语法使其具有不同的值,则需要自己添加该功能。

简单的方法是按照Kerrek的评论建议并使用字符串,然后再解析它。它并不需要太多代码。

另一种方法是使用custom validator。组成一个专用于此参数格式的特殊类型,然后编写一个validate函数,将字符串值转换为自定义类型的值。如果验证失败,则抛出异常; Program_Options库将它视为任何内置类型的验证失败。我写了an example validator in response to another question

您为此编写的代码与您在解析命令行后解析字符串所编写的代码完全相同;这只是一个问题,你是将它构建到参数类型,还是后来处理它。

答案 2 :(得分:1)

我在这里发布此代码,希望它对某些人有用。这是Sam Miller回答的“模板化”版本。

#ifndef RANDOMCONSTANT_HH
#define RANDOMCONSTANT_HH

#include <boost/random.hpp>

boost::random::mt19937 g_randomConstantPrng(static_cast<unsigned int>(std::time(NULL) + getpid()));

template<typename T>
class RandomConstant
{
public:
    RandomConstant() { /* nothing */ }
    RandomConstant(T value) : _value(value) { /* nothing */ }
    RandomConstant(int low, int high)
    {
        boost::random::uniform_int_distribution<> dist(low, high);
        _value = dist(g_randomConstantPrng);
    }
    RandomConstant(double low, double high)
    {
        boost::random::uniform_real_distribution<> dist(low, high);
        _value = dist(g_randomConstantPrng);
    }
    T value() const { return _value; }

private:
    T _value;
};


template<typename T>
std::ostream&
operator<<(std::ostream& os, const RandomConstant<T>& foo)
{
    os << foo.value();
    return os;
}

template<typename T>
std::istream&
operator>>(std::istream &is, RandomConstant<T> &foo)
{
    std::string line;
    std::getline(is, line);
    if (!is) return is;

    const std::string::size_type comma = line.find_first_of( ',' );
    if (comma != std::string::npos)
    {
        const T low = boost::lexical_cast<T>( line.substr(0, comma) );
        const T high = boost::lexical_cast<T>( line.substr(comma + 1) );
        foo = RandomConstant<T>(low, high);
    }
    else
    {
        foo = RandomConstant<T>(boost::lexical_cast<T>(line));
    }

    return is;
}

#endif /* RANDOMCONSTANT_HH */

使用如下:

namespace po = boost::program_options;
po::options_description desc;
desc.add_options()
    ("help", "show help")
    ("intValue", po::value<RandomConstant<int>>()->default_value(3), "description 1")
    ("doubleValue", po::value<RandomConstant<double>>()->default_value(1.5), "description 2")
;

po::variables_map vm;
po::store(po::parse_command_line(argc, argv, desc), vm);
po::notify(vm);

if (vm.count("help")) {
    std::cerr << desc << std::endl;
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
}

int intValue = vm["intValue"].as<RandomConstant<int>>().value();
double doubleValue = vm["doubleValue"].as<RandomConstant<double>>().value();

答案 3 :(得分:0)

您可以使用多首歌

po::options_description desc("Allowed options");
desc.add_options()
    ("nmax", po::value< std::vector< float > >()->multitoken()->default_value(10), "description")
;

...

float value;
if (vm.count["nmax"] == 2)
    value = random value ...
else
    value = vm["nmax"].as< std::vector< float > >()[0];