Question

我可以使用来自各种在线资源的代码段来使用IPv4。我想知道是否有办法用IPv6做到这一点。

基本上我只需要一个表格，我可以输入一个IPv6地址和前缀（例如：地址/ 68），它会计算网络地址，第一个可用地址，最后一个可用地址和广播地址。然后只需打印到屏幕。不希望将其存储在数据库或任何其他内容中。

我该怎么做呢？

提前感谢大家！

Answer 1

首先：IPv6没有网络和广播地址。您可以使用前缀中的所有地址。第二：在局域网上，前缀长度总是（好，99.x％的时间）a / 64。路由a / 68会破坏无状态自动配置等IPv6功能。

以下是IPv6前缀计算器的详细实现：

<?php

/*
 * This is definitely not the fastest way to do it!
 */

// An example prefix
$prefix = '2001:db8:abc:1400::/54';

// Split in address and prefix length
list($firstaddrstr, $prefixlen) = explode('/', $prefix);

// Parse the address into a binary string
$firstaddrbin = inet_pton($firstaddrstr);

// Convert the binary string to a string with hexadecimal characters
# unpack() can be replaced with bin2hex()
# unpack() is used for symmetry with pack() below
$firstaddrhex = reset(unpack('H*', $firstaddrbin));

// Overwriting first address string to make sure notation is optimal
$firstaddrstr = inet_ntop($firstaddrbin);

// Calculate the number of 'flexible' bits
$flexbits = 128 - $prefixlen;

// Build the hexadecimal string of the last address
$lastaddrhex = $firstaddrhex;

// We start at the end of the string (which is always 32 characters long)
$pos = 31;
while ($flexbits > 0) {
  // Get the character at this position
  $orig = substr($lastaddrhex, $pos, 1);

  // Convert it to an integer
  $origval = hexdec($orig);

  // OR it with (2^flexbits)-1, with flexbits limited to 4 at a time
  $newval = $origval | (pow(2, min(4, $flexbits)) - 1);

  // Convert it back to a hexadecimal character
  $new = dechex($newval);

  // And put that character back in the string
  $lastaddrhex = substr_replace($lastaddrhex, $new, $pos, 1);

  // We processed one nibble, move to previous position
  $flexbits -= 4;
  $pos -= 1;
}

// Convert the hexadecimal string to a binary string
# Using pack() here
# Newer PHP version can use hex2bin()
$lastaddrbin = pack('H*', $lastaddrhex);

// And create an IPv6 address from the binary string
$lastaddrstr = inet_ntop($lastaddrbin);

// Report to user
echo "Prefix: $prefix\n";
echo "First: $firstaddrstr\n";
echo "Last: $lastaddrstr\n";

?>

应输出：

Prefix: 2001:db8:abc:1400::/54
First: 2001:db8:abc:1400::
Last: 2001:db8:abc:17ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff

Answer 2

对于那些偶然发现此问题的人，您可以使用dtr_pton上的dtr_ntop和dTRIP函数以及GitHub类更有效地执行此操作。

我们也注意到PHP中缺乏关注和使用IPv6的工具，并将这篇文章http://www.highonphp.com/5-tips-for-working-with-ipv6-in-php放在一起，这可能对其他人有所帮助。

功能来源

这会将IP和IP转换为二进制表示形式：

/**
 * dtr_pton
 *
 * Converts a printable IP into an unpacked binary string
 *
 * @author Mike Mackintosh - mike@bakeryphp.com
 * @param string $ip
 * @return string $bin
 */
function dtr_pton( $ip ){

    if(filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_IPV4)){
        return current( unpack( "A4", inet_pton( $ip ) ) );
    }
    elseif(filter_var($ip, FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_IPV6)){
        return current( unpack( "A16", inet_pton( $ip ) ) );
    }

    throw new \Exception("Please supply a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address");

    return false;
}

这会将二进制表示转换为可打印的IP：

/**
 * dtr_ntop
 *
 * Converts an unpacked binary string into a printable IP
 *
 * @author Mike Mackintosh - mike@bakeryphp.com
 * @param string $str
 * @return string $ip
 */
function dtr_ntop( $str ){
    if( strlen( $str ) == 16 OR strlen( $str ) == 4 ){
        return inet_ntop( pack( "A".strlen( $str ) , $str ) );
    }

    throw new \Exception( "Please provide a 4 or 16 byte string" );

    return false;
}

<强>实施例

使用dtr_pton功能，您可以：

$ip = dtr_pton("fe80:1:2:3:a:bad:1dea:dad");
$mask = dtr_pton("ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:fff0::");

获取您的网络和广播：

var_dump( dtr_ntop( $ip & $mask ) );
var_dump( dtr_ntop( $ip | ~ $mask ) );

你的输出将是：

string(18) "fe80:1:2:3:a:ba0::"
string(26) "fe80:1:2:3:a:baf:ffff:ffff"

Answer 3

嗯，对于后代，我在这里添加code。还要感谢你帮助我解决这个问题的人，因为我需要一个 ipv6 / ip2country脚本。

由 mikemacintosh 和@ Sander Steffann 发布的代码稍微启发了，略有改进（诙谐思考）并返回一个包含所有/不需要的数据的好对象：

/**
* This:
* <code>
* Ipv6_Prefix2Range('2001:43f8:10::/48');
* </code>
* returns this:
* <code>
* object(stdClass)#2 (4) {
*   ["Prefix"]=>
*   string(17) "2001:43f8:10::/48"
*   ["FirstHex"]=>
*   string(32) "200143f8001000000000000000000000"
*   ["LastHex"]=>
*   string(32) "200143f80010ffffffffffffffffffff"
*   ["MaskHex"]=>
*   string(32) "ffffffffffff00000000000000000000"
*   // Optional bin equivalents available
* }
* </code>
* 
* Tested against:
* @link https://www.ultratools.com/tools/ipv6CIDRToRange
* 
* @param string $a_Prefix
* @param bool $a_WantBins
* @return object
*/
function Ipv6_Prefix2Range($a_Prefix, $a_WantBins = false){
    // Validate input superficially with a RegExp and split accordingly
    if(!preg_match('~^([0-9a-f:]+)[[:punct:]]([0-9]+)$~i', trim($a_Prefix), $v_Slices)){
        return false;
    }
    // Make sure we have a valid ipv6 address
    if(!filter_var($v_FirstAddress = $v_Slices[1], FILTER_VALIDATE_IP, FILTER_FLAG_IPV6)){
        return false;
    }
    // The /## end of the range
    $v_PrefixLength = intval($v_Slices[2]);
    if($v_PrefixLength > 128){
        return false; // kind'a stupid :)
    }
    $v_SuffixLength = 128 - $v_PrefixLength;

    // Convert the binary string to a hexadecimal string
    $v_FirstAddressBin = inet_pton($v_FirstAddress);
    $v_FirstAddressHex = bin2hex($v_FirstAddressBin);

    // Build the hexadecimal string of the network mask
    // (if the manually formed binary is too large, base_convert() chokes on it... so we split it up)
    $v_NetworkMaskHex = str_repeat('1', $v_PrefixLength) . str_repeat('0', $v_SuffixLength);
    $v_NetworkMaskHex_parts = str_split($v_NetworkMaskHex, 8);
    foreach($v_NetworkMaskHex_parts as &$v_NetworkMaskHex_part){
        $v_NetworkMaskHex_part = base_convert($v_NetworkMaskHex_part, 2, 16);
        $v_NetworkMaskHex_part = str_pad($v_NetworkMaskHex_part, 2, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
    }
    $v_NetworkMaskHex = implode(null, $v_NetworkMaskHex_parts);
    unset($v_NetworkMaskHex_part, $v_NetworkMaskHex_parts);
    $v_NetworkMaskBin = inet_pton(implode(':', str_split($v_NetworkMaskHex, 4)));

    // We have the network mask so we also apply it to First Address
    $v_FirstAddressBin &= $v_NetworkMaskBin;
    $v_FirstAddressHex = bin2hex($v_FirstAddressBin);

    // Convert the last address in hexadecimal
    $v_LastAddressBin = $v_FirstAddressBin | ~$v_NetworkMaskBin;
    $v_LastAddressHex =  bin2hex($v_LastAddressBin);

    // Return a neat object with information
    $v_Return = array(
        'Prefix'    => "{$v_FirstAddress}/{$v_PrefixLength}",
        'FirstHex'  => $v_FirstAddressHex,
        'LastHex'   => $v_LastAddressHex,
        'MaskHex'   => $v_NetworkMaskHex,
    );
    // Bins are optional...
    if($a_WantBins){
        $v_Return = array_merge($v_Return, array(
            'FirstBin'  => $v_FirstAddressBin,
            'LastBin'   => $v_LastAddressBin,
            'MaskBin'   => $v_NetworkMaskBin,
        ));
    }
    return (object)$v_Return;
}

我喜欢函数和类，不喜欢不可重用的代码，它们实现了可重用的功能。

PS ：如果您发现问题，请与我联系。我远非IPv6专家。

Answer 4

这是对accepted answer的修复，它错误地假定“第一个地址”应该与输入的字符串相同。相反，它需要在其掩码中具有其值modified via an AND operator。

为演示该问题，请考虑以下示例输入：2001:db8:abc:1403::/54

Expected result:

First: 2001:db8:abc:1400::

实际结果：

First: 2001:db8:abc:1403::

为给定的4位序列计算掩码的相关数学为：

// Calculate the subnet mask. min() prevents the comparison from being negative
$mask = 0xf << (min(4, $flexbits));

// AND the original against its mask
$newval = $origval & $mask;

完整代码

<?php

/*
 * This is definitely not the fastest way to do it!
 */

// An example prefix
$prefix = '2001:db8:abc:1403::/54';

// Split in address and prefix length
list($addr_given_str, $prefixlen) = explode('/', $prefix);

// Parse the address into a binary string
$addr_given_bin = inet_pton($addr_given_str);

// Convert the binary string to a string with hexadecimal characters
$addr_given_hex = bin2hex($addr_given_bin);

// Overwriting first address string to make sure notation is optimal
$addr_given_str = inet_ntop($addr_given_bin);

// Calculate the number of 'flexible' bits
$flexbits = 128 - $prefixlen;

// Build the hexadecimal strings of the first and last addresses
$addr_hex_first = $addr_given_hex;
$addr_hex_last = $addr_given_hex;

// We start at the end of the string (which is always 32 characters long)
$pos = 31;
while ($flexbits > 0) {
    // Get the characters at this position
    $orig_first = substr($addr_hex_first, $pos, 1);
    $orig_last = substr($addr_hex_last, $pos, 1);

    // Convert them to an integer
    $origval_first = hexdec($orig_first);
    $origval_last = hexdec($orig_last);

    // First address: calculate the subnet mask. min() prevents the comparison from being negative
    $mask = 0xf << (min(4, $flexbits));

    // AND the original against its mask
    $new_val_first = $origval_first & $mask;

    // Last address: OR it with (2^flexbits)-1, with flexbits limited to 4 at a time
    $new_val_last = $origval_last | (pow(2, min(4, $flexbits)) - 1);

    // Convert them back to hexadecimal characters
    $new_first = dechex($new_val_first);
    $new_last = dechex($new_val_last);

    // And put those character back in their strings
    $addr_hex_first = substr_replace($addr_hex_first, $new_first, $pos, 1);
    $addr_hex_last = substr_replace($addr_hex_last, $new_last, $pos, 1);

    // We processed one nibble, move to previous position
    $flexbits -= 4;
    $pos -= 1;
}

// Convert the hexadecimal strings to a binary string
$addr_bin_first = hex2bin($addr_hex_first);
$addr_bin_last = hex2bin($addr_hex_last);

// And create an IPv6 address from the binary string
$addr_str_first = inet_ntop($addr_bin_first);
$addr_str_last = inet_ntop($addr_bin_last);

// Report to user
echo "Prefix: $prefix\n";
echo "First: $addr_str_first\n";
echo "Last: $addr_str_last\n";

输出：

Prefix: 2001:db8:abc:1403::/54
First: 2001:db8:abc:1400::
Last: 2001:db8:abc:17ff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff

PHP5从cidr前缀计算IPv6范围？

4 个答案:

完整代码