在MS SQL Server 2008 R2中,我们需要一个预插入和更新前触发器,用于检查某些内容并允许或回滚(通过raiserror
)正在运行的插入/更新。
问题:在INSTEAD OF
触发器中。是否真的必须明确地写入插入或更新?因为我们希望完成默认插入或更新,只进行“预先检查”。
答案 0 :(得分:10)
是
您需要撰写明确的INSERT
或UPDATE
。
触发器运行INSTEAD OF
DML操作。如果您将触发器留空,则除了INSERTED
中正在创建和填充的DELETED
/ tempdb
表之外,不会执行任何操作。
虽然根据评论中的讨论,我根本不会使用触发器,而是使用唯一的过滤索引CREATE UNIQUE INDEX ix ON T(a,b,c) WHERE c <> ''
。在处理并发时,这可能更具性能并避免潜在的逻辑问题。
答案 1 :(得分:3)
除非您想要替换实际的插入或更新,否则您可能不需要INSTEAD OF
触发器。在您的情况下,您需要FOR INSERT, UPDATE
触发器。
当有人试图在titles表中添加或更改数据时,此示例触发器会向客户端输出消息。
USE pubs
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects
WHERE name = 'reminder' AND type = 'TR')
DROP TRIGGER reminder
GO
CREATE TRIGGER reminder
ON titles
FOR INSERT, UPDATE
AS RAISERROR ('inserts and updates to the titles table is not allowed', 16, 1)
GO
您也可以使用IF EXISTS
或COLUMNS_UPDATED
之类的内容。
这是另一个使用回滚的示例。
USE pubs
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects
WHERE name = 'employee_insupd' AND type = 'TR')
DROP TRIGGER employee_insupd
GO
CREATE TRIGGER employee_insupd
ON employee
FOR INSERT, UPDATE
AS
/* Get the range of level for this job type from the jobs table. */
DECLARE @min_lvl tinyint,
@max_lvl tinyint,
@emp_lvl tinyint,
@job_id smallint
SELECT @min_lvl = min_lvl,
@max_lvl = max_lvl,
@emp_lvl = i.job_lvl,
@job_id = i.job_id
FROM employee e INNER JOIN inserted i ON e.emp_id = i.emp_id
JOIN jobs j ON j.job_id = i.job_id
IF (@job_id = 1) and (@emp_lvl <> 10)
BEGIN
RAISERROR ('Job id 1 expects the default level of 10.', 16, 1)
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
END
ELSE
IF NOT (@emp_lvl BETWEEN @min_lvl AND @max_lvl)
BEGIN
RAISERROR ('The level for job_id:%d should be between %d and %d.',
16, 1, @job_id, @min_lvl, @max_lvl)
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
END
我不确定您是否有交易,但在您的情况下,您会想要以下内容:
USE myDatabase
IF EXISTS (SELECT name FROM sysobjects
WHERE name = 'myTable' AND type = 'TR')
DROP TRIGGER tr_myTrigger
GO
CREATE TRIGGER tr_myTrigger
ON myTable
FOR INSERT, UPDATE
AS
if(exists(select * from inserted where rtrim(c) <> ''))
begin
-- check to make sure the insert(s) are unique
if(exists(
select * from inserted i
join dbo.myTable t on i.a = t.a and i.b = t.b and i.c = t.c)
begin
raiserror('Duplicate(s) found', 16, 1)
rollback transaction
end
end