在Python描述符中创建动态文档字符串

时间:2012-04-06 14:53:34

标签: python metaprogramming descriptor

我试图动态生成一些类定义(用于包装C ++扩展)。以下描述符工作正常,除非我尝试使用help()访问字段的docstring时,它为描述符而不是自己的字段提供默认文档。但是当我提供帮助(classname)时,它会检索传递给描述符的文档字符串:

class FieldDescriptor(object):
    def __init__(self, name, doc='No documentation available.'):
        self.name = name
        self.__doc__ = doc

    def __get__(self, obj, dtype=None):
        if obj is None and dtype is not None:
            print 'Doc is:', self.__doc__
            return self
        return obj.get_field(self.name)

    def __set__(self, obj, value):
        obj.set_field(self.name, value)

class TestClass(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.fdict = {'a': None, 'b': None}

    def get_field(self, name):
        return self.fdict[name]

    def set_field(self, name, value):
        self.fdict[name] = value

fields = ['a', 'b']
def define_class(class_name, baseclass):
    class_obj = type(class_name, (baseclass,), {})
    for field in fields:
        setattr(class_obj, field, FieldDescriptor(field, doc='field %s in class %s' % (field, class_name)))
    globals()[class_name] = class_obj


if __name__ == '__main__':
    define_class('DerivedClass', TestClass)
    help(DerivedClass.a)
    help(DerivedClass)
    v = DerivedClass()
    help(v.a)

“python test.py”打印:

Doc is: field a in class DerivedClass
Help on FieldDescriptor in module __main__ object:

class FieldDescriptor(__builtin__.object)
 |  Methods defined here:
 |  
 |  __get__(self, obj, dtype=None)
 |  
 |  __init__(self, name, doc='No documentation available.')
 |  
 |  __set__(self, obj, value)
 |  
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Data descriptors defined here:
 |  
 |  __dict__
 |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
 |  
 |  __weakref__
 |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)

Doc is: field a in class DerivedClass
Doc is: field b in class DerivedClass
Help on class DerivedClass in module __main__:

class DerivedClass(TestClass)
 |  Method resolution order:
 |      DerivedClass
 |      TestClass
 |      __builtin__.object
 |  
 |  Data descriptors defined here:
 |  
 |  a
 |      field a in class DerivedClass
 |  
 |  b
 |      field b in class DerivedClass
 |  
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Methods inherited from TestClass:
 |  
 |  __init__(self)
 |  
 |  get_field(self, name)
 |  
 |  set_field(self, name, value)
 |  
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Data descriptors inherited from TestClass:
 |  
 |  __dict__
 |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
 |  
 |  __weakref__
 |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)

Help on NoneType object:

class NoneType(object)
 |  Methods defined here:
 |  
 |  __hash__(...)
 |      x.__hash__()  hash(x)
 |  
 |  __repr__(...)
 |      x.__repr__()  repr(x)

知道如何获得descriptor.__doc__的{​​{1}}? 有没有办法绕过这个,并为doc提供类似getter函数的东西,而不必将doc字符串存储在描述符中?

像:

help(class.field)

更新: 实际上我从这个class FieldDescriptor(object): def __init__(self, name, doc='No documentation available.'): self.name = name self.__doc__ = doc def __get__(self, obj, dtype=None): if obj is None and dtype is not None: print 'Doc is:', self.__doc__ return self return obj.get_field(self.name) def __set__(self, obj, value): obj.set_field(self.name, value) # This is what I'd like to have def __doc__(self, obj, dtype): return dtype.generate_docstring(self.name)

的定义开始
__get__

问题在于我说:

def __get__(self, obj, dtype=None):
    return obj.get_field(self.name)

Python抛出了一个Exception,表明我试图调用help(DerivedClass.a) 。因此None.get_field使用help()__get__调用obj=None方法。这就是为什么我决定在obj = None和dtype!= None时返回FieldDescriptor实例。 我的展示是dtype=DerivedClass试图显示help(xyz)。按照这种逻辑,如果xyz.__doc__返回__get__,那么descriptor_instance应该由help()打印,这是整个班级[descriptor_instance.__doc__]的情况,但不是单个字段[help(DerivedClass)]。

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

当你请求help(DerivedClass.a)时,python计算括号内的表达式 - 这是描述符的__get__方法返回的对象 - 然后他们搜索帮助(包括docstring)在那个对象上。

使这项工作的方法,包括动态文档字符串生成,是让您的__get__方法重新生成具有所需文档字符串的动态生成的对象。但是这个对象本身需要成为原始对象的正确代理对象,并且会在代码上产生一些开销 - 以及许多特殊情况。

无论如何,让你想要的唯一方法就是修改__get__本身返回的对象,这样它们的行为就像你想要的那样。

我建议如果您在帮助中想要的只是一些信息,那么您可能希望从__get__返回的对象属于定义__repr__方法的类(而不仅仅是__doc__字符串)。