python继承和在派生类的父类中使用super()

时间:2012-04-05 18:44:52

标签: python python-2.7 multiple-inheritance

首先,我不得不为没有更好的头衔而道歉。如果你找到一个更合适的产品,请随意更改。

基本上,我被Python的多重继承行为所困扰。在我的previous SO question中,我被指示阅读Python's C3 MRO。这真的有助于我更好地理解Python中的多重继承。就在我以为自己掌握了它的时候,我碰到了下面的场景,我似乎无法理解。

class UltimateBase(object):
    def check(self):
        print 'base check'

class AMixin1(UltimateBase):
    def check(self):
        print 'check A'

class BMixin1(UltimateBase):
    def check(self):
        print 'check B'

class CMixin1(UltimateBase):
    def check(self):
        print 'check C'

class AMixin2(UltimateBase):
    def check(self):
        print 'check A'
        return super(AMixin2, self).check()

class BMixin2(UltimateBase):
    def check(self):
        print 'check B'
        return super(BMixin2, self).check()

class CMixin2(UltimateBase):
    def check(self):
        print 'check C'
        return super(CMixin2, self).check()

class MyView1(AMixin1, BMixin1, CMixin1):
    pass

class MyView2(AMixin2, BMixin2, CMixin2):
    pass

class MyView3(AMixin1, BMixin2, CMixin2):
    pass

class MyView4(AMixin2, BMixin1, CMixin2):
    pass

class MyView5(AMixin2, BMixin2, CMixin1):
    pass

class MyView6(AMixin1, BMixin1, CMixin2):
    pass

class MyView7(AMixin1, BMixin2, CMixin1):
    pass

class MyView8(AMixin2, BMixin1, CMixin1):
    pass

myview1 = MyView1()
myview2 = MyView2()
myview3 = MyView3()
myview4 = MyView4()
myview5 = MyView5()
myview6 = MyView6()
myview7 = MyView7()
myview8 = MyView8()

myview1.check()
print '------------------------'
myview2.check()
print '------------------------'
myview3.check()
print '------------------------'
myview4.check()
print '------------------------'
myview5.check()
print '------------------------'
myview6.check()
print '------------------------'
myview7.check()
print '------------------------'
myview8.check()
print '------------------------'

输出:

check A
------------------------
check A
check B
check C
base check
------------------------
check A
------------------------
check A
check B
------------------------
check A
check B
check C
------------------------
check A
------------------------
check A
------------------------
check A
check B
------------------------

我可以根据观察输出来追踪一个模式,但这让我不理解这个结果背后的基本原理。

我有一些问题,例如,为什么myview2.check()会返回

check A
check B
check C
base check

check A
base check

在我看来,我错过了关于多重继承的关键部分。请为我填补空白。

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

当你调用myview2.check()时,它遍历兄弟姐妹,然后调用基类。每当其中一个遍历点击AMixin1BMixin1CMixin1时,它就会停止,因为这些类不会调用super(..., self).check()

正如Benn指出的那样,official Python documentation中描述了这一点。如果你考虑一下,它几乎必须以这种方式工作。子类将假定在子类调用super()之前不调用基类方法。如果是(或者更糟糕的是,如果它取决于其兄弟姐妹被列出的顺序),则会使事情变得非常困难。

答案 1 :(得分:1)

试图绕过同样的问题。 我发现以下代码有助于简化问题:

(基本上,当一个类被击中所有super时,该类被调用。)

class A:
  def f(self):
    print("............A: the common base of B and C")

class B(A):
  def f(self):
    print("........B: the left base of D")
    super().f()

class C(A):
  def f(self):
    print("........C: the right base of D")
    super().f()

class D(B,C):
  def f(self):
    print("....D: the top class")
    super().f()

d = D()

d.f()

输出:

....D: the top class
........B: the left base of D
........C: the right base of D
............A: the common base of B and C

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