Question

UNPIVOT不会返回NULL，但我在比较查询中需要它们。我试图避免使用ISNULL以下示例（因为在真正的sql中有超过100个字段。：

Select ID, theValue, column_name
From 
(select ID,
  ISNULL(CAST([TheColumnToCompare]  AS VarChar(1000)), '') as TheColumnToCompare
  from MyView
  where The_Date = '04/30/2009'
) MA
UNPIVOT
   (theValue FOR column_name IN 
   ([TheColumnToCompare])
) AS unpvt

任何替代方案？

Answer 1

要保留NULL，请使用CROSS JOIN ... CASE：

select a.ID, b.column_name
, column_value = 
    case b.column_name
      when 'col1' then a.col1
      when 'col2' then a.col2
      when 'col3' then a.col3
      when 'col4' then a.col4
    end
from (
  select ID, col1, col2, col3, col4 
  from table1
  ) a
cross join (
  select 'col1' union all
  select 'col2' union all
  select 'col3' union all
  select 'col4'
  ) b (column_name)

而不是：

select ID, column_name, column_value
From (
  select ID, col1, col2, col3, col4
  from from table1
  ) a
unpivot (
  column_value FOR column_name IN (
    col1, col2, col3, col4)
  ) b

具有列模式的文本编辑器使这些查询更容易编写。 UltraEdit拥有它，Emacs也是如此。在Emacs中，它被称为矩形编辑。

您可能需要为100列编写脚本。

Answer 2

这是一个真正的痛苦。您必须在UNPIVOT之前将它们切换出来，因为ISNULL()没有生成行进行操作 - 代码生成是您的朋友。

我也遇到PIVOT的问题。缺少的行会变成NULL，如果缺少的值与ISNULL()相同，则必须将0.0包裹在整个行中。

Answer 3

我遇到了同样的问题。使用CROSS APPLY（SQL Server 2005及更高版本）而不是Unpivot解决了这个问题。我找到了基于这篇文章的解决方案An Alternative (Better?) Method to UNPIVOT 我做了以下示例来证明CROSS APPLY不会忽略像Unpivot这样的NULL。

create table #Orders (OrderDate datetime, product nvarchar(100), ItemsCount float, GrossAmount float, employee nvarchar(100))

 insert into #Orders
 select getutcdate(),'Windows',10,10.32,'Me'
 union 
 select getutcdate(),'Office',31,21.23,'you'
 union 
 select getutcdate(),'Office',31,55.45,'me'
 union  
 select getutcdate(),'Windows',10,null,'You'

SELECT OrderDate, product,employee,Measure,MeasureType
 from #Orders orders
 CROSS APPLY (
    VALUES ('ItemsCount',ItemsCount),('GrossAmount',GrossAmount)
    ) 
    x(MeasureType, Measure) 


SELECT OrderDate, product,employee,Measure,MeasureType
from #Orders orders
UNPIVOT
   (Measure FOR MeasureType IN 
      (ItemsCount,GrossAmount)
)AS unpvt;


 drop table #Orders

Answer 4

或者，在SQLServer 2008中用更短的方式：

...
cross join 
(values('col1'), ('col2'), ('col3'), ('col4')) column_names(column_name)

Answer 5

我发现左外连接UNPIVOT结果到完整的字段列表，方便地从INFORMATION_SCHEMA中提取，在某些情况下是这个问题的实际答案。

-- test data
CREATE TABLE _t1(name varchar(20),object_id varchar(20),principal_id varchar(20),schema_id varchar(20),parent_object_id varchar(20),type varchar(20),type_desc varchar(20),create_date varchar(20),modify_date varchar(20),is_ms_shipped varchar(20),is_published varchar(20),is_schema_published varchar(20))
INSERT INTO _t1 SELECT 'blah1', 3, NULL, 4, 0, 'blah2', 'blah3', '20100402 16:59:23.267', NULL, 1, 0, 0 

-- example
select c.COLUMN_NAME, Value
from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS c
left join (
  select * from _t1
) q1
unpivot (Value for COLUMN_NAME in (name,object_id,principal_id,schema_id,parent_object_id,type,type_desc,create_date,modify_date,is_ms_shipped,is_published,is_schema_published)
) t on t.COLUMN_NAME = c.COLUMN_NAME
where c.TABLE_NAME = '_t1'
</pre>

输出如下：

+----------------------+-----------------------+
|    COLUMN_NAME       |        Value          |
+----------------------+-----------------------+
| name                 | blah1                 |
| object_id            | 3                     |
| principal_id         | NULL                  | <======
| schema_id            | 4                     |
| parent_object_id     | 0                     |
| type                 | blah2                 |
| type_desc            | blah3                 |
| create_date          | 20100402 16:59:23.26  |
| modify_date          | NULL                  | <======
| is_ms_shipped        | 1                     |
| is_published         | 0                     |
| is_schema_published  | 0                     |
+----------------------+-----------------------+

Answer 6

使用动态SQL和COALESCE，我解决了这样的问题：

DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @cols NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @dataCols NVARCHAR(MAX)

SELECT 
    @dataCols = COALESCE(@dataCols + ', ' + 'ISNULL(' + Name + ',0) ' + Name , 'ISNULL(' + Name + ',0) ' + Name )
FROM Metric WITH (NOLOCK)
ORDER BY ID

SELECT 
    @cols = COALESCE(@cols + ', ' + Name , Name )
FROM Metric WITH (NOLOCK)
ORDER BY ID

SET @SQL = 'SELECT ArchiveID, MetricDate, BoxID, GroupID, ID MetricID, MetricName, Value
            FROM 
               (SELECT ArchiveID, [Date] MetricDate, BoxID, GroupID,  ' + @dataCols + '
                FROM MetricData WITH (NOLOCK)
                INNER JOIN Archive WITH (NOLOCK)
                    ON ArchiveID = ID
                WHERE BoxID = ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(40), @BoxID) + '
                AND GroupID = ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(40), @GroupID) + ') p
            UNPIVOT
               (Value FOR MetricName IN 
                  (' + @cols + ')
            )AS unpvt
            INNER JOIN Metric WITH (NOLOCK)
                ON MetricName  = Name
            ORDER BY MetricID, MetricDate'

EXECUTE( @SQL )

Answer 7

ISNULL是答案的一半。使用NULLIF转换回NULL。例如。

DECLARE @temp TABLE(
    Foo varchar(50),
    Bar varchar(50) NULL
    );

INSERT INTO @temp( Foo,Bar )VALUES( 'licious',NULL );

SELECT * FROM @temp;

SELECT 
    Col,
    NULLIF( Val,'0Null' ) AS Val 
FROM(
    SELECT
        Foo,
        ISNULL( Bar,'0Null' ) AS Bar
    FROM
        @temp
    ) AS t
UNPIVOT(
    Val FOR Col IN(
        Foo,
        Bar 
        )
    ) up;

这里我使用“0Null”作为我的中间值。你可以使用任何你喜欢的东西。但是，如果您选择像“Null”这样的真实世界，则可能会与用户输入发生冲突。垃圾工作得很好“！@＃34（））0”但对未来的编码员来说可能更容易混淆。我相信你能得到这张照片。

SQL Server - 使用UNPIVOT包含NULL

7 个答案: