我对Gayl Laakmann McDowell第5版“Cracking The Code Interview”一书中的编程问题提出了疑问。
问题是:写一个方法用'%20'替换字符串中的所有空格。假设字符串在字符串末尾有足够的空间来容纳其他字符,并且您获得了字符串的真实长度。我使用书籍代码,使用字符数组在Java中实现解决方案(鉴于Java字符串是不可变的):
public class Test {
public void replaceSpaces(char[] str, int length) {
int spaceCount = 0, newLength = 0, i = 0;
for(i = 0; i < length; i++) {
if (str[i] == ' ')
spaceCount++;
}
newLength = length + (spaceCount * 2);
str[newLength] = '\0';
for(i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (str[i] == ' ') {
str[newLength - 1] = '0';
str[newLength - 2] = '2';
str[newLength - 3] = '%';
newLength = newLength - 3;
}
else {
str[newLength - 1] = str[i];
newLength = newLength - 1;
}
}
System.out.println(str);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Test tst = new Test();
char[] ch = {'t', 'h', 'e', ' ', 'd', 'o', 'g', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' '};
int length = 6;
tst.replaceSpaces(ch, length);
}
}
我从replaceSpaces()
调用获得的输出是:%20do ,它是原始数组的最后一个字符的剪切。我一直在讨论这个问题,任何人都可以向我解释为什么算法会这样做吗?
答案 0 :(得分:8)
public String replace(String str) {
String[] words = str.split(" ");
StringBuilder sentence = new StringBuilder(words[0]);
for (int i = 1; i < words.length; ++i) {
sentence.append("%20");
sentence.append(words[i]);
}
return sentence.toString();
}
答案 1 :(得分:7)
您将长度传递为6,这导致了这个问题。传球长度为7,包括空间。 其他明智的
for(i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
不会考虑最后一个字符。
答案 2 :(得分:4)
通过这两项更改,我获得了输出:%20dog
1)将空格数更改为2 [因为长度已包含%20所需的3个字符中的1个]
newLength = length + (spaceCount * 2);
2)循环应该从长度开始
for(i = length; i >= 0; i--) {
答案 3 :(得分:2)
这是我的问题代码。好像在为我工作。如果您有兴趣,请看看。它是用JAVA编写的
public class ReplaceSpaceInString {
private static char[] replaceSpaceInString(char[] str, int length) {
int spaceCounter = 0;
//First lets calculate number of spaces
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
if (str[i] == ' ')
spaceCounter++;
}
//calculate new size
int newLength = length + 2*spaceCounter;
char[] newArray = new char[newLength+1];
newArray[newLength] = '\0';
int newArrayPosition = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
if (str[i] == ' ') {
newArray[newArrayPosition] = '%';
newArray[newArrayPosition+1] = '2';
newArray[newArrayPosition+2] = '0';
newArrayPosition = newArrayPosition + 3;
}
else {
newArray[newArrayPosition] = str[i];
newArrayPosition++;
}
}
return newArray;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
char[] array = {'a','b','c','d',' ','e','f','g',' ','h',' ','j'};
System.out.println(replaceSpaceInString(array, array.length));
}
}
答案 4 :(得分:2)
这是我的解决方案。我检查ascii代码32然后放一个%20而不是它。这个解决方案的时间复杂度是O(N)
public String replace(String s) {
char arr[] = s.toCharArray();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
if (arr[i] == 32)
sb.append("%20");
else
sb.append(arr[i]);
}
return sb.toString();
}
答案 5 :(得分:1)
关于刺戳采访问题吗?
在现实世界的编程中,我建议:URLEncoder.encode()
答案 6 :(得分:1)
void Rep_Str(char *str)
{
int j=0,count=0;
int stlen = strlen(str);
for (j = 0; j < stlen; j++)
{
if (str[j]==' ')
{
count++;
}
}
int newlength = stlen+(count*2);
str[newlength--]='\0';
for (j = stlen-1; j >=0 ; j--)
{
if (str[j]==' ')
{
str[newlength--]='0';
str[newlength--]='2';
str[newlength--]='%';
}
else
{
str[newlength--]=str[j];
}
}
}
此代码有效:)
答案 7 :(得分:1)
您还可以使用substring方法和ascii for space(32)。
public String replaceSpaceInString(String s){
int i;
for (i=0;i<s.length();i++){
System.out.println("i is "+i);
if (s.charAt(i)==(int)32){
s=s.substring(0, i)+"%20"+s.substring(i+1, s.length());
i=i+2;
}
}
return s;
}
测试:
System.out.println(cc.replaceSpaceInString("mon day "));
输出:
mon%20day%20
答案 8 :(得分:1)
你可以这样做。 无需计算长度或其他任何东西。 无论如何,字符串是不可变的。
if($(input1).val() == "" && $(input2).val()==""){
//handle case and show error message
alert("Either input one or input2 needs a value");
e.preventDefault();
return false; //make sure the form is not submitted
}
答案 9 :(得分:1)
我们可以使用正则表达式来解决此问题。例如:
public String replaceStringWithSpace(String str){
return str.replaceAll("[\\s]", "%20");
}
答案 10 :(得分:0)
我使用具有时间复杂度O(n)的StringBuilder的解决方案
public static String url(String string, int length) {
char[] arrays = string.toCharArray();
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(length);
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
if (arrays[i] == ' ') {
builder.append("%20");
} else {
builder.append(arrays[i]);
}
}
return builder.toString();
}
测试用例:
@Test
public void testUrl() {
assertEquals("Mr%20John%20Smith", URLify.url("Mr John Smith ", 13));
}
答案 11 :(得分:0)
// 在传递输入时确保使用 .toCharArray 方法,因为字符串是不可变的
public static void replaceSpaces(char[] str, int length) {
int spaceCount = 0, newLength = 0, i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
if (str[i] == ' ')
spaceCount++;
}
newLength = length + (spaceCount * 2);
// str[newLength] = '\0';
for (i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (str[i] == ' ') {
str[newLength - 1] = '0';
str[newLength - 2] = '2';
str[newLength - 3] = '%';
newLength = newLength - 3;
} else {
str[newLength - 1] = str[i];
newLength = newLength - 1;
}
}
System.out.println(str);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Test tst = new Test();
char[] ch = "Mr John Smith ".toCharArray();
int length = 13;
replaceSpaces(ch, length);
}
答案 12 :(得分:0)
我也在看书中的那个问题。我相信我们可以在这里使用String.trim()
和String.replaceAll(" ", "%20)
答案 13 :(得分:0)
我在这里更新了解决方案。 http://rextester.com/CWAPCV11970
如果我们要创建新数组而不是就位,那么为什么我们需要向后走?
我稍微修改了实际解决方案,以向前创建目标Url编码的字符串。
时间复杂度:
O(n) - Walking original string
O(1) - Creating target string incrementally
where 'n' is number of chars in original string
空间复杂度: O(n + m)-复制空间以存储转义的空间和字符串。 其中,“ n”是原始字符串中的字符数,“ m”是转义空格的长度
public static string ReplaceAll(string originalString, char findWhat, string replaceWith)
{
var newString = string.Empty;
foreach(var character in originalString)
newString += findWhat == character? replaceWith : character + string.Empty;
return newString;
}
答案 14 :(得分:0)
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
string name = "Stack Over Flow ";
StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
char[] array = name.ToCharArray(); ;
for(int i = 0; i < name.Length; i++)
{
if (array[i] == ' ')
{
stringBuilder.Append("%20");
}
else
stringBuilder.Append(array[i]);
}
Console.WriteLine(stringBuilder);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
答案 15 :(得分:0)
公共类Sol {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] str = "Write a method to replace all spaces in a string with".split(" ");
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
int count = 0;
for(String s : str){
sb.append(s);
if(str.length-1 != count)
sb.append("%20");
++count;
}
System.out.println(sb.toString());
}
}
答案 16 :(得分:0)
public class Test {
public static void replace(String str) {
String[] words = str.split(" ");
StringBuilder sentence = new StringBuilder(words[0]);
for (int i = 1; i < words.length; i++) {
sentence.append("%20");
sentence.append(words[i]);
}
sentence.append("%20");
System.out.println(sentence.toString());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
replace("Hello World "); **<- Hello<3spaces>World<1space>**
}
}
O / P :: Hello%20%20%20World%20
答案 17 :(得分:0)
请记住,仅当'%20'不是开头或结尾空格时,才想用'%20'替换''。上面的几个答案不能解决这个问题。值得一提的是,运行Laakmann的解决方案示例时,出现“索引超出范围错误”。
这是我自己的解决方案,它运行O(n),并在C#中实现:
public static string URLreplace(string str, int n)
{
var len = str.Length;
if (len == n)
return str;
var sb = new StringBuilder();
var i = 0;
while (i < len)
{
char c = str[i];
if (c == ' ')
{
while (i < len && str[i] == ' ')
{
i++; //skip ahead
}
}
else
{
if (sb.Length > 0 && str[i - 1] == ' ')
sb.Append("%20" + c);
else
sb.Append(c);
i++;
}
}
return sb.ToString();
}
测试:
//Arrange
private string _str = " Mr John Smith ";
private string _result = "Mr%20John%20Smith";
private int _int = 13;
[TestMethod]
public void URLified()
{
//Act
var cleaned = URLify.URLreplace(_str, _int);
//Assert
Assert.IsTrue(cleaned == _result);
}
答案 18 :(得分:0)
一行代码 System.out.println(s.trim().replace(" ","%20"));
答案 19 :(得分:0)
问题:用%20替换空格
解决方案1:
<div><img src="https://source.unsplash.com/MUnoV4capRk/600x300" alt="" id="circle"></div>
答案 20 :(得分:0)
但我想知道以下代码有什么问题:
private static String urlify(String originalString) {
String newString = "";
if (originalString.contains(" ")) {
newString = originalString.replace(" ", "%20");
}
return newString;
}
答案 21 :(得分:0)
char []
这里的修改和解决方案使用char []或返回void也不合适,因为Java不使用指针。
所以我在想,显而易见的解决方案是
private static String encodeSpace(String string) {
return string.replcaceAll(" ", "%20");
}
但这可能不是你的面试官想要看到的:)
// make a function that actually does something
private static String encodeSpace(String string) {
//create a new String
String result = new String();
// replacement
final String encodeSpace = "%20";
for(char c : string.toCharArray()) {
if(c == ' ') result+=encodeString;
else result+=c;
}
return result;
}
这看起来很好,我想,你只需要一次通过字符串,所以复杂性应该是O(n),对吧?错误!问题在于
result += c;
与
相同result = result + c;
实际上复制了一个字符串并创建了它的副本。在java中,字符串表示为
private final char value[];
这使得它们不可变(更多信息我会检查 java.lang.String 以及它是如何工作的)。这个事实会将这个算法的复杂性提高到O(N ^ 2),一个偷偷摸摸的招募者可以利用这个事实让你失望:P因此,我提出了一个新的低级解决方案,你将永远不会在实践中使用,但理论上这是好的:)
private static String encodeSpace(String string) {
final char [] original = string != null? string.toCharArray() : new char[0];
// ASCII encoding
final char mod = 37, two = 50, zero = 48, space = 32;
int spaces = 0, index = 0;
// count spaces
for(char c : original) if(c == space) ++spaces;
// if no spaces - we are done
if(spaces == 0) return string;
// make a new char array (each space now takes +2 spots)
char [] result = new char[string.length()+(2*spaces)];
for(char c : original) {
if(c == space) {
result[index] = mod;
result[++index] = two;
result[++index] = zero;
}
else result[index] = c;
++index;
}
return new String(result);
}
答案 22 :(得分:0)
有什么理由不使用'替换'方法?
public String replaceSpaces(String s){
return s.replace(" ", "%20");}
答案 23 :(得分:0)
书中的问题提到替换应该到位,因此不可能分配额外的数组,它应该使用恒定的空间。您还应该考虑许多边缘情况,这是我的解决方案:
public class ReplaceSpaces {
public static void main(String[] args) {
if ( args.length == 0 ) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("No string");
}
String s = args[0];
char[] characters = s.toCharArray();
replaceSpaces(characters);
System.out.println(characters);
}
static void replaceSpaces(char[] s) {
int i = s.length-1;
//Skipping all spaces in the end until setting `i` to non-space character
while( i >= 0 && s[i] == ' ' ) { i--; }
/* Used later to check there is enough extra space in the end */
int extraSpaceLength = s.length - i - 1;
/*
Used when moving the words right,
instead of finding the first non-space character again
*/
int lastNonSpaceCharacter = i;
/*
Hold the number of spaces in the actual string boundaries
*/
int numSpaces = 0;
/*
Counting num spaces beside the extra spaces
*/
while( i >= 0 ) {
if ( s[i] == ' ' ) { numSpaces++; }
i--;
}
if ( numSpaces == 0 ) {
return;
}
/*
Throw exception if there is not enough space
*/
if ( extraSpaceLength < numSpaces*2 ) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not enough extra space");
}
/*
Now we need to move each word right in order to have space for the
ascii representation
*/
int wordEnd = lastNonSpaceCharacter;
int wordsCounter = 0;
int j = wordEnd - 1;
while( j >= 0 ) {
if ( s[j] == ' ' ){
moveWordRight(s, j+1, wordEnd, (numSpaces-wordsCounter)*2);
wordsCounter++;
wordEnd = j;
}
j--;
}
replaceSpacesWithAscii(s, lastNonSpaceCharacter + numSpaces * 2);
}
/*
Replaces each 3 sequential spaces with %20
char[] s - original character array
int maxIndex - used to tell the method what is the last index it should
try to replace, after that is is all extra spaces not required
*/
static void replaceSpacesWithAscii(char[] s, int maxIndex) {
int i = 0;
while ( i <= maxIndex ) {
if ( s[i] == ' ' ) {
s[i] = '%';
s[i+1] = '2';
s[i+2] = '0';
i+=2;
}
i++;
}
}
/*
Move each word in the characters array by x moves
char[] s - original character array
int startIndex - word first character index
int endIndex - word last character index
int moves - number of moves to the right
*/
static void moveWordRight(char[] s, int startIndex, int endIndex, int moves) {
for(int i=endIndex; i>=startIndex; i--) {
s[i+moves] = s[i];
s[i] = ' ';
}
}
}
答案 24 :(得分:0)
public class ReplaceChar{
public static void main(String []args){
String s = "ab c de ";
System.out.println(replaceChar(s));
}
public static String replaceChar(String s){
boolean found = false;
StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder(50);
String str = rev(s);
for(int i = 0; i <str.length(); i++){
if (str.charAt(i) != ' ') { found = true; }
if (str.charAt(i) == ' '&& found == true) { res.append("%02"); }
else{ res.append(str.charAt(i)); }
}
return rev(res.toString());
}
// Function to reverse a string
public static String rev(String s){
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(50);
for(int i = s.length()-1; i>=0; i-- ){
result.append(s.charAt(i));
}
return result.toString();
}}
一种简单的方法:
注意:我们反转字符串以防止添加&#34;%20&#34;到尾随空间。
希望有所帮助!
答案 25 :(得分:0)
另一种方法。 我假设尾随空格不需要转换为%20,并且尾随空格为%20s提供了足够的空间来填充
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "a sd fghj ";
System.out.println(replacement(str));//a%20sd%20fghj
}
private static String replacement(String str) {
char[] chars = str.toCharArray();
int posOfLastChar = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
if (chars[i] != ' ') {
posOfLastChar = i;
}
}
int newCharPosition = chars.length - 1;
//Start moving the characters to th end of the array. Replace spaces by %20
for (int i = posOfLastChar; i >= 0; i--) {
if (chars[i] == ' ') {
chars[newCharPosition] = '0';
chars[--newCharPosition] = '2';
chars[--newCharPosition] = '%';
} else {
chars[newCharPosition] = chars[i];
}
newCharPosition--;
}
return String.valueOf(chars);
}
}
答案 26 :(得分:0)
public static String replaceAllSpaces(String s) {
char[] c = s.toCharArray();
int spaceCount = 0;
int trueLen = s.length();
int index = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < trueLen; i++) {
if (c[i] == ' ') {
spaceCount++;
}
}
index = trueLen + spaceCount * 2;
char[] n = new char[index];
for (int i = trueLen - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
if (c[i] == ' ') {
n[index - 1] = '0';
n[index - 2] = '2';
n[index - 3] = '%';
index = index - 3;
} else {
n[index - 1] = c[i];
index--;
}
}
String x = new String(n);
return x;
}
答案 27 :(得分:0)
这可以正常工作。但是,使用StringBuffer对象会增加空间复杂性。
Scanner scn = new Scanner(System.in);
String str = scn.nextLine();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(str.trim());
for(int i = 0;i<sb.length();i++){
if(32 == (int)sb.charAt(i)){
sb.replace(i,i+1, "%20");
}
}
答案 28 :(得分:0)
你能使用StringBuilder吗?
public String replaceSpace(String s)
{
StringBuilder answer = new StringBuilder();
for(int i = 0; i<s.length(); i++)
{
if(s.CharAt(i) == ' ')
{
answer.append("%20");
}
else
{
answer.append(s.CharAt(i));
}
}
return answer.toString();
}
答案 29 :(得分:-1)
`// Maximum length of string after modifications.
const int MAX = 1000;
// Replaces spaces with %20 in-place and returns
// new length of modified string. It returns -1
// if modified string cannot be stored in str[]
int replaceSpaces(char str[])
{
// count spaces and find current length
int space_count = 0, i;
for (i = 0; str[i]; i++)
if (str[i] == ' ')
space_count++;
// Remove trailing spaces
while (str[i-1] == ' ')
{
space_count--;
i--;
}
// Find new length.
int new_length = i + space_count * 2 + 1;
// New length must be smaller than length
// of string provided.
if (new_length > MAX)
return -1;
// Start filling character from end
int index = new_length - 1;
// Fill string termination.
str[index--] = '\0';
// Fill rest of the string from end
for (int j=i-1; j>=0; j--)
{
// inserts %20 in place of space
if (str[j] == ' ')
{
str[index] = '0';
str[index - 1] = '2';
str[index - 2] = '%';
index = index - 3;
}
else
{
str[index] = str[j];
index--;
}
}
return new_length;
}
// Driver code
int main()
{
char str[MAX] = "Mr John Smith ";
// Prints the replaced string
int new_length = replaceSpaces(str);
for (int i=0; i<new_length; i++)
printf("%c", str[i]);
return 0;
}`