说,我有元素矢量和掩码数组,我想从矢量中提取具有真实对应掩码值的元素来分离矢量。有没有办法将std::copy_if
用于此目的?问题是,我在谓词中只有 value ,而不是 iterator ,所以我无法知道实际索引来处理掩码数组。
我可以直接操作这样的地址:
vector<bool> mask;
vector<int> a, b;
copy_if(a.begin(), a.end(), b.begin(), [&] (int x) -> bool {
size_t index = &x - &a[0]; // Ugly...
return mask[index];
});
然而,我发现这是一个丑陋的解决方案。有更好的想法吗?
更新:另一种可能的解决方案是在掩码上使用外部迭代器:
vector<bool> mask;
vector<int> a, b;
auto pMask = mask.begin();
copy_if(a.begin(), a.end(), b.begin(), [&] (int x) {
return *pMask++;
});
但是,此解决方案需要外部命名空间中的其他变量,这仍然是不可取的。
答案 0 :(得分:5)
好的,经过一番调查后我发现第一个例子是最简单的方法。但是,不应忘记通过(const)引用传递lambda中的值,以便不获取参数的本地副本的地址:
copy_if(a.begin(), a.end(), b.begin(),
[&] (const int& x) -> bool { // <-- do not forget reference here
size_t index = &x - &a[0]; // Still ugly... but simple
return mask[index];
});
答案 1 :(得分:2)
你可以将几个迭代器组合成Boost(没有经过实际测试,但是用GCC 4.6编译):
#include <algorithm>
#include <boost/iterator/counting_iterator.hpp>
#include <boost/iterator/zip_iterator.hpp>
#include <boost/iterator/filter_iterator.hpp>
#include <boost/tuple/tuple.hpp>
int main() {
std::vector<bool> mask;
std::vector<int> a, b;
boost::counting_iterator<size_t> count_begin(0), count_end(a.size());
auto zip_begin = boost::make_zip_iterator(boost::make_tuple(count_begin, a.begin()));
auto zip_end = boost::make_zip_iterator(boost::make_tuple(count_end, a.end()));
typedef decltype(zip_end) zip_iterator;
typedef const zip_iterator::value_type& zip_value;
auto pred = [&mask](zip_value val) {
auto index = val.get<0>();
return index < mask.size() ? mask[index] : true;
};
auto filter_begin = boost::make_filter_iterator(pred, zip_begin, zip_end);
auto filter_end = boost::make_filter_iterator(pred, zip_end, zip_end);
std::transform(filter_begin, filter_end, back_inserter(b), [](zip_value val) {
return val.get<1>();
});
}
但是,我认为显式循环在这里更简单。
这是上面代码的另一个更通用的版本,这次甚至测试过:)
它提供了类似Python的map
,filter
和enumerate
函数的实现。这个需要GCC 4.7。
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
#include <iterator>
#include <type_traits>
#include <iostream>
#define BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE
#include <boost/tuple/tuple.hpp>
#include <boost/iterator/zip_iterator.hpp>
#include <boost/iterator/filter_iterator.hpp>
#include <boost/iterator/transform_iterator.hpp>
#include <boost/range/begin.hpp>
#include <boost/range/end.hpp>
#include <boost/range/size.hpp>
#include <boost/range/iterator_range.hpp>
#include <boost/range/counting_range.hpp>
#include <boost/range/algorithm/copy.hpp>
#include <boost/range/algorithm_ext/push_back.hpp>
template<typename... ForwardRange>
using zip_range = boost::iterator_range<
boost::zip_iterator<
boost::tuple<
typename boost::range_iterator<
typename std::remove_reference<ForwardRange>::type>::type...>>>;
template<typename... ForwardRange>
zip_range<ForwardRange...>
zip(ForwardRange&&... ranges) {
return boost::make_iterator_range(
boost::make_zip_iterator(
boost::make_tuple(
boost::begin(std::forward<ForwardRange>(ranges))...)),
boost::make_zip_iterator(
boost::make_tuple(
boost::end(std::forward<ForwardRange>(ranges))...)));
}
template<typename ForwardRange, typename Index>
using enumerating_range = zip_range<
boost::iterator_range<boost::counting_iterator<Index>>,
ForwardRange>;
template<typename ForwardRange, typename Index>
enumerating_range<ForwardRange, Index>
enumerate(ForwardRange&& range, Index start) {
return zip(
boost::counting_range(
start,
static_cast<Index>(start + boost::size(range))),
std::forward<ForwardRange>(range));
}
template<typename Predicate, typename ForwardRange>
using filter_range = boost::iterator_range<
boost::filter_iterator<
Predicate,
typename boost::range_iterator<
typename std::remove_reference<ForwardRange>::type>::type>>;
template<typename Predicate, typename ForwardRange>
filter_range<Predicate, ForwardRange>
filter(Predicate pred, ForwardRange&& range) {
return boost::make_iterator_range(
boost::make_filter_iterator(
pred,
boost::begin(std::forward<ForwardRange>(range))),
boost::make_filter_iterator(
pred,
boost::end(std::forward<ForwardRange>(range))));
}
template<typename UnaryOperation, typename ForwardRange>
using map_range = boost::iterator_range<
boost::transform_iterator<
UnaryOperation,
typename boost::range_iterator<
typename std::remove_reference<ForwardRange>::type>::type>>;
template<typename UnaryOperation, typename ForwardRange>
map_range<UnaryOperation, ForwardRange>
map(UnaryOperation operation, ForwardRange&& range) {
return boost::make_iterator_range(
boost::make_transform_iterator(
boost::begin(std::forward<ForwardRange>(range)),
operation),
boost::make_transform_iterator(
boost::end(std::forward<ForwardRange>(range)),
operation));
}
template<typename UnaryOperation, typename Predicate, typename ForwardRange>
using filter_map_range = map_range<
UnaryOperation,
filter_range<Predicate, ForwardRange>>;
template<typename UnaryOperation, typename Predicate, typename ForwardRange>
filter_map_range<UnaryOperation, Predicate, ForwardRange>
filter_map(UnaryOperation operation, Predicate pred, ForwardRange&& range) {
return map(operation, filter(pred, range));
}
int main() {
std::vector<int> a { 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 };
std::vector<bool> mask { false, true, true, false, true };
std::vector<int> b;
auto enumerator = enumerate(a, 0u);
typedef boost::range_value<decltype(enumerator)>::type enum_value;
boost::push_back(
b,
filter_map(
[](const enum_value& val) {
return val.get<1>();
},
[&mask](const enum_value& val) {
auto i = val.get<0>();
return i < mask.size() ? mask[i] : true;
},
enumerator));
boost::copy(b, std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
std::cout << std::endl;
}
如果您不需要使用向量,解决方案会变得有点无聊:
#include <valarray>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <iostream>
int main() {
using namespace std;
valarray<int> a { 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 };
valarray<bool> mask { false, true, true, false, true };
valarray<int> b = a[mask];
copy(begin(b), end(b), ostream_iterator<int>(cout, " "));
}
答案 2 :(得分:2)
我的答案:
vector<bool> mask ;
vector<int> a, b;
auto it = std::copy_if (a.begin(), a.end(), b.begin(), [&, index = 0] (const int x) mutable -> bool {
return mask[index++]; // increment index
});
这使用全状态的lambda。 index一次设置为零,并且每次使用时递增一次。 编辑: 需要c ++ 14