Question

我正在使用CRTP将克隆方法添加到继承的类中，例如：

class Base 
{
     virtual ~Base() {};
     virtual Base* clone() const = 0;
}; 

template<class Derived> class BaseCopyable : Base
{ 
public:
    virtual Base* clone() const
    {
        return new Derived(static_cast<Derived const&>(*this));
    }
};

class A : public BaseCopyable<A>;
class B : public BaseCopyable<B>;
etc...

但是如果我有一个继承自B的类，例如：

class differentB : public B;

然后clone（）不返回类型为differentB的对象，它返回一个B.除了在differentB中编写一个新的clone（）方法之外，有没有办法解决这个问题？

感谢阅读！

Answer 1

这是我对this question

的回答的修改

您的意图是在层次结构中包含所有派生类从它们的基类继承可克隆性（多态复制）你不需要为每个人提供覆盖 clone()，但您尝试使用类模板的CRTP解决方案 BaseCopyable只能以这种方式赋予克隆性类立即派生自Base，而不是派生类来自这样的派生类。

我认为不可能传播克隆性通过赋予“只有一次”的克隆性来任意深层次最顶尖的具体课程。你必须在每个上明确赋予它具体的类，但你可以通过他们的基类和不使用CRTP重复覆盖clone() 将可克隆性从父类传递到子类的模板层次结构。

显然，符合此法案的CRTP模板将与BaseCopyable不同通过要求两个模板参数：父类型和子类型。

C ++ 03解决方案如以下程序所示：

#include <iostream>

// As base of D, this makes D inherit B and makes D cloneable to
// a polymorphic pointer to B
template<class B, class D>
struct cloner : virtual B
{
    virtual B *clone() const {
        return new D(dynamic_cast<D const&>(*this));
    }
    virtual ~cloner() {}       
};

struct Base 
{
    virtual ~Base() {
         std::cout << "I was a Base" << std::endl;
    };
    virtual Base* clone() const = 0;
}; 

struct A : cloner<Base,A> // A inherits Base
{
    virtual ~A() {
         std::cout << "I was an A" << std::endl;
    };
};

struct B : cloner<Base,B> // B inherits Base
{
    virtual ~B() {
         std::cout << "I was a B" << std::endl;
    };
};

struct DB : cloner<B,DB> // DB inherits B, Base
{
    virtual ~DB() {
         std::cout << "I was a DB" << std::endl;
    };
};

int main()
{
    Base * pBaseA = new A;
    Base * pBaseB = new B;
    Base * pBaseDB = new DB;
    Base * pBaseCloneOfA = pBaseA->clone();
    Base * pBaseCloneOfB = pBaseB->clone();
    Base *pBaseCloneOfDB = pBaseDB->clone();
    B * pBCloneOfDB = dynamic_cast<B*>(pBaseDB->clone());
    std::cout << "deleting pBaseA" << std::endl; 
    delete pBaseA;
    std::cout << "deleting pBaseB" << std::endl;
    delete pBaseB;
    std::cout << "deleting pBaseDB" << std::endl;
    delete pBaseDB;
    std::cout << "deleting pBaseCloneOfA" << std::endl;
    delete pBaseCloneOfA;
    std::cout << "deleting pBaseCloneOfB" << std::endl; 
    delete pBaseCloneOfB;
    std::cout << "deleting pBaseCloneOfDB" << std::endl;    
    delete pBaseCloneOfDB;
    std::cout << "deleting pBCloneOfDB" << std::endl;   
    delete pBCloneOfDB;
    return 0;
}

输出结果为：

deleting pBaseA
I was an A
I was a Base
deleting pBaseB
I was a B
I was a Base
deleting pBaseDB
I was a DB
I was a B
I was a Base
deleting pBaseCloneOfA
I was an A
I was a Base
deleting pBaseCloneOfB
I was a B
I was a Base
deleting pBaseCloneOfDB
I was a DB
I was a B
I was a Base
deleting pBCloneOfDB
I was a DB
I was a B
I was a Base

如果涉及的所有类都是默认可构造的，B 不必是cloner<B,D>的虚拟基础，您可以删除virtual 来自struct cloner : virtual B的关键字。否则，B必须是虚拟基础以便B的构造函数可以调用D的非默认构造函数，虽然B不是D的直接基础。

在C ++ 11中，我们有可变参数模板，你可以不用虚拟通过为cloner<B,D>提供“通用”来完全继承模板构造函数，它可以通过它转发任意构造函数从D到B的参数。这是一个例子：

#include <iostream>

template<class B, class D>
struct cloner : B
{
    B *clone() const override {
        return new D(dynamic_cast<D const&>(*this));
    }
    ~cloner() override {}
    // "All purpose constructor"
    template<typename... Args>
    explicit cloner(Args... args)
    : B(args...){}  
};

struct Base 
{
    explicit Base(int i)
    : _i(i){}   
    virtual ~Base() {
         std::cout << "I was a Base storing " << _i << std::endl;
    };
    virtual Base* clone() const = 0;
protected:
    int _i;
}; 

struct A : cloner<Base,A>
{
    explicit A(int i)
    : cloner<Base,A>(i){}
    ~A() override {
         std::cout << "I was an A storing " << _i << std::endl;
    };
};

struct B : cloner<Base,B>
{
    explicit B(int i)
    : cloner<Base,B>(i){}
    ~B() override {
         std::cout << "I was a B storing " << _i << std::endl;
    };
};

struct DB : cloner<B,DB>
{
    explicit DB(int i)
    : cloner<B,DB>(i){}
    ~DB() override {
         std::cout << "I was a DB storing " << _i << std::endl;
    };
};

int main()
{
    Base * pBaseA = new A(1);
    Base * pBaseB = new B(2);
    Base * pBaseDB = new DB(3);
    Base * pBaseCloneOfA = pBaseA->clone();
    Base * pBaseCloneOfB = pBaseB->clone();
    Base * pBaseCloneOfDB = pBaseDB->clone();
    B * pBCloneOfDB = dynamic_cast<B*>(pBaseDB->clone());
    std::cout << "deleting pA" << std::endl; 
    delete pBaseA;
    std::cout << "deleting pB" << std::endl;
    delete pBaseB;
    std::cout << "deleting pDB" << std::endl;
    delete pBaseDB;
    std::cout << "deleting pBaseCloneOfA" << std::endl;
    delete pBaseCloneOfA;
    std::cout << "deleting pBaseCloneOfB" << std::endl; 
    delete pBaseCloneOfB;
    std::cout << "deleting pBaseCloneOfDB" << std::endl;    
    delete pBaseCloneOfDB;
    std::cout << "deleting pBCloneOfDB" << std::endl;   
    delete pBCloneOfDB;
    return 0;
}

输出是：

deleting pA
I was an A storing 1
I was a Base storing 1
deleting pB
I was a B storing 2
I was a Base storing 2
deleting pDB
I was a DB storing 3
I was a B storing 3
I was a Base storing 3
deleting pBaseCloneOfA
I was an A storing 1
I was a Base storing 1
deleting pBaseCloneOfB
I was a B storing 2
I was a Base storing 2
deleting pBaseCloneOfDB
I was a DB storing 3
I was a B storing 3
I was a Base storing 3
deleting pBCloneOfDB
I was a DB storing 3
I was a B storing 3
I was a Base storing 3

Answer 2

您可以做的是通过整个继承传播基础层次结构，但我认为这不会特别有用每个进一步派生的类，你现在得到一个全新的层次结构和所有多态性将是徒劳的。

#include <iostream>

class Base 
{
public:
     virtual ~Base() {};
     virtual Base* clone() const = 0;
}; 

template<class Derived> class BaseCopyable : Base
{ 
public:
    virtual Base* clone() const
    {
        return new Derived(static_cast<Derived const&>(*this));
    }
};

struct Default;

template<typename Self, typename Arg>
struct SelfOrArg {
  typedef Arg type;
};

template<typename Self>
struct SelfOrArg<Self, Default> {
  typedef Self type;
};

template<typename Derived = Default>
class A : public BaseCopyable< typename SelfOrArg<A<Derived>, Derived>::type >
{

};

class derivedA : A<derivedA> {

};

虽然这仍有缺陷的返回类型 BaseCopyable。有了经典的virtual constructor成语，你就会得到能够说出类似的话：

void func(Derived& d) {
  // thanks to covariant return types Derived::clone returns a Derived*
  Derived* d2 = d.clone();
  delete d2;
}

虽然很容易实现，但您的方案无法做到这一点通过调整BaseCopyable中的返回类型。

只需编写一个宏来摆脱样板：）

奇怪的重复模板模式多态拷贝（C ++）中的继承

2 个答案: