Question

我想我已经完成了我的课程，但是......它没有用。我正在尝试编写一个模拟彩票游戏的程序，但当我尝试检查用户对机票上猜测数量的猜测时，我收到的错误告诉我＆＃34;列表索引超出范围＆＃34;。我认为它与代码的一部分有关，我将随机数分配给＆＃34; a，＆＃34; ＆＃34; b＆＃34;，＆＃34; c＆＃34;等等。但我不确定。

以下是其中的代码：

import random

def main():
random.seed()

#Prompts the user to enter the number of tickets they wish to play.
tickets = int(input("How many lottery tickets do you want?\n"))

#Creates the dictionaries "winning_numbers" and "guess." Also creates the variable "winnings" for total amount of money won.
winning_numbers = []
guess = []
winnings = 0

#Generates the winning lotto numbers.
for i in range(tickets):
    del winning_numbers[:]

    a = random.randint(1,30)
    while not (a in winning_numbers):
        winning_numbers.append(a)

    b = random.randint(1,30)
    while not (b in winning_numbers):
        winning_numbers.append(b)

    c = random.randint(1,30)
    while not (c in winning_numbers):
        winning_numbers.append(c)

    d = random.randint(1,30)
    while not (d in winning_numbers):
        winning_numbers.append(d)

    e = random.randint(1,30)
    while not (e in winning_numbers):
        winning_numbers.append(e)

    print(winning_numbers)
    getguess(guess, tickets)
    nummatches = checkmatch(winning_numbers, guess)

    print("Ticket #"+str(i+1)+": The winning combination was",winning_numbers,".You matched",nummatches,"number(s).\n")

    if nummatches == 0 or nummatches == 1:
        winnings = winnings + 0
    elif nummatches == 2:
        winnings = winnings + 10
    elif nummatches == 3:
        winnings = winnings + 500
    elif nummatches == 4:
        winnings = winnings + 20000
    elif nummatches == 5:
        winnings = winnings + 1000000

print("You won a total of",winnings,"with",tickets,"tickets.\n")

#Gets the guess from the user.
def getguess(guess, tickets):
del guess[:]

for i in range(tickets):
    bubble = input("What numbers do you want to choose for ticket #"+str(i+1)+"?\n").split(" ")
    guess.append(bubble)
print(bubble)

#Checks the user's guesses with the winning numbers.
def checkmatch(winning_numbers, guess):
match = 0
for i in range(5):

    if guess[i] == winning_numbers[i]:
        match = match+1

return match

main()

这是我得到的错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Ryan\Downloads\Program # 2\Program # 2\lottery.py", line 85, in <module>
    main()
  File "C:\Users\Ryan\Downloads\Program # 2\Program # 2\lottery.py", line 45, in main
   nummatches = checkmatch(winning_numbers, guess)
File "C:\Users\Ryan\Downloads\Program # 2\Program # 2\lottery.py", line 79, in checkmatch
    if guess[i] == winning_numbers[i]:
IndexError: list index out of range

Answer 1

正如错误所述，问题在于：

if guess[i] == winning_numbers[i]

错误是你的列表索引超出范围 - 也就是说，你试图引用一些甚至不存在的索引。如果不完全调试代码，我会根据输入检查你在哪里添加猜测：

for i in range(tickets):
    bubble = input("What numbers do you want to choose for ticket #"+str(i+1)+"?\n").split(" ")
    guess.append(bubble)
print(bubble)

您为用户提供的猜测数量大小取决于

# Prompts the user to enter the number of tickets they wish to play.
tickets = int(input("How many lottery tickets do you want?\n"))

因此，如果他们想要的门票数少于5，那么您的代码就在这里

for i in range(5):

if guess[i] == winning_numbers[i]:
    match = match+1

return match

会抛出错误，因为guess列表中没有那么多元素。

Answer 2

这是你的代码。我假设您使用python 3基于您对print()和input()的使用：

import random

def main():
    #random.seed() --> don't need random.seed()

    #Prompts the user to enter the number of tickets they wish to play.

    #python 3 version:
    tickets = int(input("How many lottery tickets do you want?\n"))

    #Creates the dictionaries "winning_numbers" and "guess." Also creates the variable "winnings" for total amount of money won.
    winning_numbers = []
    winnings = 0

    #Generates the winning lotto numbers.
    for i in range(tickets * 5):
        #del winning_numbers[:] what is this line for?
        randNum = random.randint(1,30)
        while randNum in winning_numbers:    
            randNum = random.randint(1,30)
        winning_numbers.append(randNum)

    print(winning_numbers)
    guess = getguess(tickets)
    nummatches = checkmatch(winning_numbers, guess)

    print("Ticket #"+str(i+1)+": The winning combination was",winning_numbers,".You matched",nummatches,"number(s).\n")

    winningRanks = [0, 0, 10, 500, 20000, 1000000]

    winnings = sum(winningRanks[:nummatches + 1])

    print("You won a total of",winnings,"with",tickets,"tickets.\n")


#Gets the guess from the user.
def getguess(tickets):
    guess = []
    for i in range(tickets):
        bubble = [int(i) for i in input("What numbers do you want to choose for ticket #"+str(i+1)+"?\n").split()]
        guess.extend(bubble)
        print(bubble)
    return guess

#Checks the user's guesses with the winning numbers.
def checkmatch(winning_numbers, guess):
    match = 0
    for i in range(5):
        if guess[i] == winning_numbers[i]:
            match += 1
    return match

main()

Answer 3

我认为你的意思是将随机a，b，c等滚动到循环中：

a = None # initialise
while not (a in winning_numbers):
    # keep rolling an a until you get one not in winning_numbers
    a = random.randint(1,30)
    winning_numbers.append(a)

否则，a将仅生成一次，如果它已经在winning_numbers，则不会添加。由于a的生成位于外 while（在您的代码中），如果a已经在winning_numbers中，那么太糟糕了，它赢了不会被重新推出，你将获得一个较少的中奖号码。

这可能是if guess[i] == winning_numbers[i]中导致错误的原因。（你的winning_numbers并不总是长度为5）。

Python：IndexError：列表索引超出范围

3 个答案: