Question

我正在写这个备份脚本：

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use POSIX qw(strftime);
use DBI;

my $destdir       = "/mnt/backup";
my $tmpdir        = "/mnt/backup/tmp";
my $mysqlpassword = "";

my %backup = (
    '/home' => [
        'path/to/exclude/from/backup/*',
    ],
    '/etc',
);

my $now = strftime("%Y-%m-%d-%s", localtime);
my $tmpbdir = "$tmpdir/backup_$now";

sub printlog
{
    print "[", strftime("%D %T", localtime), "] $_[0]\n";
}

sub backup
{
    foreach my $dir (keys %backup) {
        printlog "Backing up $dir...";
        my $excludes = "";
        if ($#{$backup{$dir}}+1 > 0) {
            for my $i (0 .. $#{$backup{$dir}}) {
                $excludes = "--exclude $dir/$backup{$dir}[$i] ";
            }
            $excludes =~ s/\s$//;
        }
        system("tar -cJf $excludes $tmpbdir/$dir.xz $dir");
        printlog "$dir backup complete.";
    }
}

sub backup_mysql
{
    printlog "Backing up MySQL...";
    mkdir("$tmpbdir/mysql");
    my $dbh = DBI->connect('dbi:mysql:information_schema', 'root', $mysqlpassword, {'RaiseError' => 1});
    if ($dbh) {
        my $sth = $dbh->prepare('SELECT SCHEMA_NAME AS `Database` FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA'); $sth->execute;
        while (my @databases = $sth->fetchrow_array) {
            system("mysqldump --opt --single-transaction --user=root --password=$mysqlpassword $databases[0] > $tmpbdir/mysql/$databases[0].sql");
        }
        system("tar -cjf $tmpbdir/mysql.xz $tmpbdir/mysql");
        system("rm -rf $tmpbdir/mysql");
        printlog "MySQL backup complete.";
    } else {
        print "Unable to connect to MySQL server.\n$DBI::errstr\n";
    }
}

sub archive
{
    printlog "Archiving...";
    system("tar -cf $destdir/backup_$now.tar $tmpbdir/*");
    system("rm -rf $tmpbdir");
    printlog "Backup complete in $destdir/backup_$now.tar";
}

if ($> != 0) {
    die "You must run this script as root.\n";
}

printlog "Backup starts.";
mkdir($tmpbdir);

&backup;
&backup_mysql;
&archive;

但是当我运行脚本时，/ home备份失败。这是脚本的输出。

[...]
[01/03/12 03:00:03] Backing up /home...
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
tar: /mnt/backup/tmp/backup_2012-01-03-1325556001//home.xz: Cannot stat: No such file or directory
tar: /home/minecraft/world/region/r.-1.1.mcr: file changed as we read it
tar: /home/minecraft/world: file changed as we read it
tar: /home/webserver/ubuntubarsport/log/access_log: file changed as we read it
tar: Removing leading `/' from hard link targets
tar: Exiting with failure status due to previous errors
[...]

我不知道tar: /mnt/backup/tmp/backup_2012-01-03-1325556001//home.xz: Cannot stat: No such file or directory的原因。我究竟做错了什么？ / etc备份工作正常。提前谢谢。

Answer 1

您缺少尝试创建备份tarball的目录。添加

system("mkdir -p $tmpbdir");

到backup（）的开头。

修改：

备份tarball也应该在-f之后的命令行上，所以不是

system("tar -cJf $excludes $tmpbdir/$dir.xz $dir");
你应该

system("tar $excludes -cJf $tmpbdir/$dir.xz $dir");

修改：

从排除中删除前导斜杠：

'home/webserver/ubuntubarsport/www/minecraft/*'

如果您不需要该目录本身也会尾随斜杠和星号：

'home/webserver/ubuntubarsport/www/minecraft'

请记住，tar的--exclude期望模式。

用Perl和tar引起麻烦

1 个答案: