如何向NumPy数组添加额外的列

Question

假设我有一个NumPy数组a：

a = np.array([
    [1, 2, 3],
    [2, 3, 4]
    ])

我想添加一列零来获取数组b：

b = np.array([
    [1, 2, 3, 0],
    [2, 3, 4, 0]
    ])

如何在NumPy中轻松完成此操作？

Answer 1

np.r_[ ... ]和np.c_[ ... ] 是vstack和hstack的有用替代品， 方括号[]而不是圆（）。
几个例子：

: import numpy as np
: N = 3
: A = np.eye(N)

: np.c_[ A, np.ones(N) ]              # add a column
array([[ 1.,  0.,  0.,  1.],
       [ 0.,  1.,  0.,  1.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  1.,  1.]])

: np.c_[ np.ones(N), A, np.ones(N) ]  # or two
array([[ 1.,  1.,  0.,  0.,  1.],
       [ 1.,  0.,  1.,  0.,  1.],
       [ 1.,  0.,  0.,  1.,  1.]])

: np.r_[ A, [A[1]] ]              # add a row
array([[ 1.,  0.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  1.,  0.],
       [ 0.,  0.,  1.],
       [ 0.,  1.,  0.]])
: # not np.r_[ A, A[1] ]

: np.r_[ A[0], 1, 2, 3, A[1] ]    # mix vecs and scalars
  array([ 1.,  0.,  0.,  1.,  2.,  3.,  0.,  1.,  0.])

: np.r_[ A[0], [1, 2, 3], A[1] ]  # lists
  array([ 1.,  0.,  0.,  1.,  2.,  3.,  0.,  1.,  0.])

: np.r_[ A[0], (1, 2, 3), A[1] ]  # tuples
  array([ 1.,  0.,  0.,  1.,  2.,  3.,  0.,  1.,  0.])

: np.r_[ A[0], 1:4, A[1] ]        # same, 1:4 == arange(1,4) == 1,2,3
  array([ 1.,  0.,  0.,  1.,  2.,  3.,  0.,  1.,  0.])

（方括号[]而不是圆（）的原因 是Python扩展，例如1：4平方 - 超载的奇迹。）

Answer 2

我认为更简单的解决方案和更快的启动方法是执行以下操作：

import numpy as np
N = 10
a = np.random.rand(N,N)
b = np.zeros((N,N+1))
b[:,:-1] = a

和时间：

In [23]: N = 10

In [24]: a = np.random.rand(N,N)

In [25]: %timeit b = np.hstack((a,np.zeros((a.shape[0],1))))
10000 loops, best of 3: 19.6 us per loop

In [27]: %timeit b = np.zeros((a.shape[0],a.shape[1]+1)); b[:,:-1] = a
100000 loops, best of 3: 5.62 us per loop

Answer 3

使用numpy.append：

>>> a = np.array([[1,2,3],[2,3,4]])
>>> a
array([[1, 2, 3],
       [2, 3, 4]])

>>> z = np.zeros((2,1), dtype=int64)
>>> z
array([[0],
       [0]])

>>> np.append(a, z, axis=1)
array([[1, 2, 3, 0],
       [2, 3, 4, 0]])

Answer 4

使用hstack的一种方法是：

b = np.hstack((a, np.zeros((a.shape[0], 1), dtype=a.dtype)))

Answer 5

我发现以下最优雅：

b = np.insert(a, 3, values=0, axis=1) # Insert values before column 3

insert的一个优点是它还允许您在数组内的其他位置插入列（或行）。此外，您可以轻松插入整个矢量，而不是插入单个值，例如复制最后一列：

b = np.insert(a, insert_index, values=a[:,2], axis=1)

导致：

array([[1, 2, 3, 3],
       [2, 3, 4, 4]])

对于时间安排，insert可能比JoshAdel的解决方案慢：

In [1]: N = 10

In [2]: a = np.random.rand(N,N)

In [3]: %timeit b = np.hstack((a, np.zeros((a.shape[0], 1))))
100000 loops, best of 3: 7.5 µs per loop

In [4]: %timeit b = np.zeros((a.shape[0], a.shape[1]+1)); b[:,:-1] = a
100000 loops, best of 3: 2.17 µs per loop

In [5]: %timeit b = np.insert(a, 3, values=0, axis=1)
100000 loops, best of 3: 10.2 µs per loop

Answer 6

我想：

np.column_stack((a, zeros(shape(a)[0])))

更优雅。

Answer 7

我也对这个问题感兴趣，并比较了

的速度

numpy.c_[a, a]
numpy.stack([a, a]).T
numpy.vstack([a, a]).T
numpy.ascontiguousarray(numpy.stack([a, a]).T)               
numpy.ascontiguousarray(numpy.vstack([a, a]).T)
numpy.column_stack([a, a])
numpy.concatenate([a[:,None], a[:,None]], axis=1)
numpy.concatenate([a[None], a[None]], axis=0).T

对于任何输入向量a都执行相同的操作。增长的时间a：

请注意，所有非连续变体（特别是stack / vstack）最终都比所有连续变体更快。 column_stack（因为它的清晰度和速度）似乎是一个很好的选择，如果你需要连续性。

重现情节的代码：

import numpy
import perfplot

perfplot.show(
    setup=lambda n: numpy.random.rand(n),
    kernels=[
        lambda a: numpy.c_[a, a],
        lambda a: numpy.ascontiguousarray(numpy.stack([a, a]).T),
        lambda a: numpy.ascontiguousarray(numpy.vstack([a, a]).T),
        lambda a: numpy.column_stack([a, a]),
        lambda a: numpy.concatenate([a[:, None], a[:, None]], axis=1),
        lambda a: numpy.ascontiguousarray(numpy.concatenate([a[None], a[None]], axis=0).T),
        lambda a: numpy.stack([a, a]).T,
        lambda a: numpy.vstack([a, a]).T,
        lambda a: numpy.concatenate([a[None], a[None]], axis=0).T,
        ],
    labels=[
        'c_', 'ascont(stack)', 'ascont(vstack)', 'column_stack', 'concat',
        'ascont(concat)', 'stack (non-cont)', 'vstack (non-cont)',
        'concat (non-cont)'
        ],
    n_range=[2**k for k in range(20)],
    xlabel='len(a)',
    logx=True,
    logy=True,
    )

Answer 8

np.concatenate也有效

>>> a = np.array([[1,2,3],[2,3,4]])
>>> a
array([[1, 2, 3],
       [2, 3, 4]])
>>> z = np.zeros((2,1))
>>> z
array([[ 0.],
       [ 0.]])
>>> np.concatenate((a, z), axis=1)
array([[ 1.,  2.,  3.,  0.],
       [ 2.,  3.,  4.,  0.]])

Answer 9

我喜欢JoshAdel的答案，因为他专注于表现。一个小的性能改进是避免用零初始化的开销，只是被覆盖。当N很大时，这会有一个可测量的差异，使用空而不是零，并且零列被写为单独的步骤：

In [1]: import numpy as np

In [2]: N = 10000

In [3]: a = np.ones((N,N))

In [4]: %timeit b = np.zeros((a.shape[0],a.shape[1]+1)); b[:,:-1] = a
1 loops, best of 3: 492 ms per loop

In [5]: %timeit b = np.empty((a.shape[0],a.shape[1]+1)); b[:,:-1] = a; b[:,-1] = np.zeros((a.shape[0],))
1 loops, best of 3: 407 ms per loop

Answer 10

假设M是（100,3）ndarray而y是（100，）ndarray append可以按如下方式使用：

M=numpy.append(M,y[:,None],1)

诀窍是使用

y[:, None]

这会将y转换为（100,1）2D数组。

M.shape

现在给出了

(100, 4)

Answer 11

派对有点晚了，但是还没有人发布这个答案，所以为了完整起见：你可以用普通的Python数组上的列表推导来做到这一点：

source = a.tolist()
result = [row + [0] for row in source]
b = np.array(result)

Answer 12

np.insert也符合目的。

matA = np.array([[1,2,3], 
                 [2,3,4]])
idx = 3
new_col = np.array([0, 0])
np.insert(matA, idx, new_col, axis=1)

array([[1, 2, 3, 0],
       [2, 3, 4, 0]])

它在给定索引之前插入值new_col，此处idx沿一个轴插入。换句话说，新插入的值将占据idx列，并在idx向后移动原来的位置。

Answer 13

就我而言，我必须在NumPy数组中添加一列的

X = array([ 6.1101, 5.5277, ... ])
X.shape => (97,)
X = np.concatenate((np.ones((m,1), dtype=np.int), X.reshape(m,1)), axis=1)

在     X.shape =＆gt; （97,2）

array([[ 1. , 6.1101],
       [ 1. , 5.5277],
...

Answer 14

有一个专门针对此的功能。它被称为numpy.pad

a = np.array([[1,2,3], [2,3,4]])
b = np.pad(a, ((0, 0), (0, 1)), mode='constant', constant_values=0)
print b
>>> array([[1, 2, 3, 0],
           [2, 3, 4, 0]])

以下是文档字符串中的内容：

Pads an array.

Parameters
----------
array : array_like of rank N
    Input array
pad_width : {sequence, array_like, int}
    Number of values padded to the edges of each axis.
    ((before_1, after_1), ... (before_N, after_N)) unique pad widths
    for each axis.
    ((before, after),) yields same before and after pad for each axis.
    (pad,) or int is a shortcut for before = after = pad width for all
    axes.
mode : str or function
    One of the following string values or a user supplied function.

    'constant'
        Pads with a constant value.
    'edge'
        Pads with the edge values of array.
    'linear_ramp'
        Pads with the linear ramp between end_value and the
        array edge value.
    'maximum'
        Pads with the maximum value of all or part of the
        vector along each axis.
    'mean'
        Pads with the mean value of all or part of the
        vector along each axis.
    'median'
        Pads with the median value of all or part of the
        vector along each axis.
    'minimum'
        Pads with the minimum value of all or part of the
        vector along each axis.
    'reflect'
        Pads with the reflection of the vector mirrored on
        the first and last values of the vector along each
        axis.
    'symmetric'
        Pads with the reflection of the vector mirrored
        along the edge of the array.
    'wrap'
        Pads with the wrap of the vector along the axis.
        The first values are used to pad the end and the
        end values are used to pad the beginning.
    <function>
        Padding function, see Notes.
stat_length : sequence or int, optional
    Used in 'maximum', 'mean', 'median', and 'minimum'.  Number of
    values at edge of each axis used to calculate the statistic value.

    ((before_1, after_1), ... (before_N, after_N)) unique statistic
    lengths for each axis.

    ((before, after),) yields same before and after statistic lengths
    for each axis.

    (stat_length,) or int is a shortcut for before = after = statistic
    length for all axes.

    Default is ``None``, to use the entire axis.
constant_values : sequence or int, optional
    Used in 'constant'.  The values to set the padded values for each
    axis.

    ((before_1, after_1), ... (before_N, after_N)) unique pad constants
    for each axis.

    ((before, after),) yields same before and after constants for each
    axis.

    (constant,) or int is a shortcut for before = after = constant for
    all axes.

    Default is 0.
end_values : sequence or int, optional
    Used in 'linear_ramp'.  The values used for the ending value of the
    linear_ramp and that will form the edge of the padded array.

    ((before_1, after_1), ... (before_N, after_N)) unique end values
    for each axis.

    ((before, after),) yields same before and after end values for each
    axis.

    (constant,) or int is a shortcut for before = after = end value for
    all axes.

    Default is 0.
reflect_type : {'even', 'odd'}, optional
    Used in 'reflect', and 'symmetric'.  The 'even' style is the
    default with an unaltered reflection around the edge value.  For
    the 'odd' style, the extented part of the array is created by
    subtracting the reflected values from two times the edge value.

Returns
-------
pad : ndarray
    Padded array of rank equal to `array` with shape increased
    according to `pad_width`.

Notes
-----
.. versionadded:: 1.7.0

For an array with rank greater than 1, some of the padding of later
axes is calculated from padding of previous axes.  This is easiest to
think about with a rank 2 array where the corners of the padded array
are calculated by using padded values from the first axis.

The padding function, if used, should return a rank 1 array equal in
length to the vector argument with padded values replaced. It has the
following signature::

    padding_func(vector, iaxis_pad_width, iaxis, kwargs)

where

    vector : ndarray
        A rank 1 array already padded with zeros.  Padded values are
        vector[:pad_tuple[0]] and vector[-pad_tuple[1]:].
    iaxis_pad_width : tuple
        A 2-tuple of ints, iaxis_pad_width[0] represents the number of
        values padded at the beginning of vector where
        iaxis_pad_width[1] represents the number of values padded at
        the end of vector.
    iaxis : int
        The axis currently being calculated.
    kwargs : dict
        Any keyword arguments the function requires.

Examples
--------
>>> a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> np.pad(a, (2,3), 'constant', constant_values=(4, 6))
array([4, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6])

>>> np.pad(a, (2, 3), 'edge')
array([1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5])

>>> np.pad(a, (2, 3), 'linear_ramp', end_values=(5, -4))
array([ 5,  3,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  2, -1, -4])

>>> np.pad(a, (2,), 'maximum')
array([5, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5])

>>> np.pad(a, (2,), 'mean')
array([3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 3])

>>> np.pad(a, (2,), 'median')
array([3, 3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 3])

>>> a = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
>>> np.pad(a, ((3, 2), (2, 3)), 'minimum')
array([[1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1],
       [1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1],
       [1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1],
       [1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1],
       [3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 3, 3],
       [1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1],
       [1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1]])

>>> a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> np.pad(a, (2, 3), 'reflect')
array([3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3, 2])

>>> np.pad(a, (2, 3), 'reflect', reflect_type='odd')
array([-1,  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8])

>>> np.pad(a, (2, 3), 'symmetric')
array([2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3])

>>> np.pad(a, (2, 3), 'symmetric', reflect_type='odd')
array([0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7])

>>> np.pad(a, (2, 3), 'wrap')
array([4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3])

>>> def pad_with(vector, pad_width, iaxis, kwargs):
...     pad_value = kwargs.get('padder', 10)
...     vector[:pad_width[0]] = pad_value
...     vector[-pad_width[1]:] = pad_value
...     return vector
>>> a = np.arange(6)
>>> a = a.reshape((2, 3))
>>> np.pad(a, 2, pad_with)
array([[10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10],
       [10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10],
       [10, 10,  0,  1,  2, 10, 10],
       [10, 10,  3,  4,  5, 10, 10],
       [10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10],
       [10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10, 10]])
>>> np.pad(a, 2, pad_with, padder=100)
array([[100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100],
       [100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100],
       [100, 100,   0,   1,   2, 100, 100],
       [100, 100,   3,   4,   5, 100, 100],
       [100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100],
       [100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100, 100]])

Answer 15

我喜欢这个：

new_column = np.zeros((len(a), 1))
b = np.block([a, new_column])

Answer 16

对我来说，下一种方法看起来非常直观和简单。

zeros = np.zeros((2,1)) #2 is a number of rows in your array.   
b = np.hstack((a, zeros))

Answer 17

向numpy数组添加额外的列：

Numpy的np.append方法采用三个参数，前两个是2D numpy数组，第三个是轴参数，指示要沿哪个轴附加：

import numpy as np  
x = np.array([[1,2,3], [4,5,6]]) 
print("Original x:") 
print(x) 

y = np.array([[1], [1]]) 
print("Original y:") 
print(y) 

print("x appended to y on axis of 1:") 
print(np.append(x, y, axis=1)) 

打印：

Original x:
[[1 2 3]
 [4 5 6]]
Original y:
[[1]
 [1]]
x appended to y on axis of 1:
[[1 2 3 1]
 [4 5 6 1]]