我创建了一个线程,并将其置于无限循环中。使用 valgrind 检查代码时出现内存泄漏。这是我的代码:
#include <pthread.h>
#include <time.h>
void thread_do(void){
while(1){}
}
int main(){
pthread_t th;
pthread_create(&th, NULL, (void *)thread_do, NULL);
sleep(2);
/* I want to kill thread here */
sleep(2);
return 0;
}
所以在main中创建一个线程,并且一直运行thread_do()。有没有办法在2秒后从 main 内部杀死它?我已经尝试了pthread_detach(th)
和pthread_cancel(th)
,但我仍然会泄漏。
答案 0 :(得分:35)
正如@sarnold指出的那样,默认情况下,如果没有调用任何取消点的函数,就无法使用pthread_cancel()
取消您的线程......但是可以通过使用pthread_setcanceltype()
来设置线程的取消类型为异步而不是延迟。为此,在开始循环之前,在线程函数的开头附近添加pthread_setcanceltype(PTHREAD_CANCEL_ASYNCHRONOUS,NULL);
之类的内容。然后,您可以通过pthread_cancel(th)
调用main()
来终止该主题。
但请注意,以这种方式取消线程(无论是否异步)都不会清除线程函数中分配的任何资源(如Kevin在评论中所述)。为了做到这一点,你可以:
malloc()
分配缓冲区)pthread_cleanup_push()
和pthread_cleanup_pop()
添加清理处理程序,以便在取消线程时清理资源。请注意,如果取消类型是异步的,这仍然存在风险,因为在分配资源和添加清理处理程序之间可以取消线程。pthread_cancel()
并让线程检查一些条件以确定何时终止(将在长时间运行的循环中检查)。由于您的线程会自行检查终止,因此它可以在检查后执行所需的任何清理。实现最后一个选项的一种方法是使用互斥锁作为标志,并使用包含在函数中的pthread_mutex_trylock()
对其进行测试,以便在循环测试中使用:
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
/* Returns 1 (true) if the mutex is unlocked, which is the
* thread's signal to terminate.
*/
int needQuit(pthread_mutex_t *mtx)
{
switch(pthread_mutex_trylock(mtx)) {
case 0: /* if we got the lock, unlock and return 1 (true) */
pthread_mutex_unlock(mtx);
return 1;
case EBUSY: /* return 0 (false) if the mutex was locked */
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
/* Thread function, containing a loop that's infinite except that it checks for
* termination with needQuit()
*/
void *thread_do(void *arg)
{
pthread_mutex_t *mx = arg;
while( !needQuit(mx) ) {}
return NULL;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
pthread_t th;
pthread_mutex_t mxq; /* mutex used as quit flag */
/* init and lock the mutex before creating the thread. As long as the
mutex stays locked, the thread should keep running. A pointer to the
mutex is passed as the argument to the thread function. */
pthread_mutex_init(&mxq,NULL);
pthread_mutex_lock(&mxq);
pthread_create(&th,NULL,thread_do,&mxq);
sleep(2);
/* unlock mxq to tell the thread to terminate, then join the thread */
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mxq);
pthread_join(th,NULL);
sleep(2);
return 0;
}
如果线程未分离(通常不是默认情况下),则应在停止线程后调用pthread_join()
。如果线程已分离,则您不需要加入它,但您不会确切地知道它何时终止(或者甚至大致,除非您添加另一种方式来指示其退出)。
答案 1 :(得分:5)
一些小小的想法:
thread_do()
永远不会被取消,因为它永远不会调用任何取消点的功能: A thread's cancellation type, determined by
pthread_setcanceltype(3), may be either asynchronous or
deferred (the default for new threads). Asynchronous
cancelability means that the thread can be canceled at any
time (usually immediately, but the system does not guarantee
this). Deferred cancelability means that cancellation will
be delayed until the thread next calls a function that is a
cancellation point. A list of functions that are or may be
cancellation points is provided in pthreads(7).
pthread_join(3)
: After a canceled thread has terminated, a join with that
thread using pthread_join(3) obtains PTHREAD_CANCELED as the
thread's exit status. (Joining with a thread is the only way
to know that cancellation has completed.)