类型错误：__init__() 缺少 2 个必需的位置参数：'no_of_arrows' 和 'email'

Question

我使用多重继承功能编写了一个 python 3.9 代码。 我在 Anaconda Navigator 中使用 Jupyter Notebook 编写和运行此代码。 它在向导类 init() 方法中给出了一个 TypeError：

# multiple inheritance

class User:
    def __init__(self, email):
        self.email = email

    def sign_in(self):
        print('Logged in.')

    def attack(self):
        print('User attack.')


class Wizard(User):
    def __init__(self, name, power, email):
        super().__init__(email)
        self.name = name
        self.power = power

    def attack(self):
        super().attack()
        print(f'Attacking with power of {self.power}.')


class Archer(User):
    def __init__(self, name, no_of_arrows, email):
        super().__init__(email)
        self.name = name
        self.no_of_arrows = no_of_arrows

    def attack(self):
        print(f'Attacking with arrows. Arrows left - {self.no_of_arrows}.')

    def check_arrows_count(self):
        print(f'{self.no_of_arrows} left.')

    def run(self):
        print('run')


class HybridAttacker(Wizard, Archer):
    def __init__(self, name, power, no_of_arrows, email):
        Wizard.__init__(self, name, power, email)
        Archer.__init__(self, name, no_of_arrows, email)


hybrid_attacker = HybridAttacker('Tom', 50, 20, 'tom@gmail.com')
print(hybrid_attacker)

这是带有 TypeError 的输出：

*TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-11-4769f9f86581> in <module>
     45 
     46 
---> 47 hybrid_attacker = HybridAttacker('Tom', 50, 20, 'tom@gmail.com')
     48 print(hybrid_attacker)
<ipython-input-11-4769f9f86581> in __init__(self, name, power, no_of_arrows, email)
     41 class HybridAttacker(Wizard, Archer):
     42     def __init__(self, name, power, no_of_arrows, email):
---> 43         Wizard.__init__(self, name, power, email)
     44         Archer.__init__(self, name, no_of_arrows, email)
     45 
<ipython-input-11-4769f9f86581> in __init__(self, name, power, email)
     14 class Wizard(User):
     15     def __init__(self, name, power, email):
---> 16         super().__init__(email)
     17         self.name = name
     18         self.power = power
TypeError: __init__() missing 2 required positional arguments: 'no_of_arrows' and 'email'*

请帮我找出错误是什么。

当我在 Wizard 类 init() 方法中注释掉 super().init(email) 时，代码运行没有任何错误。

提前致谢。

Answer 1

我不确定您想在这里实现什么，但您必须记住，所有 __init__ 都会被 HybridAttacker 调用。您错过了每个函数的参数，因此您需要使用 **kwargs 来满足您的需求。

所以你的 __init__ 函数可能看起来像

class Wizard(User):
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.name = kwargs.get('name')
        self.power = kwargs.get('power')

和 HybridAttacker 可以为每个父级的 init 指定参数：

class HybridAttacker(Wizard, Archer):
    def __init__(self, name, power, no_of_arrows, email):
        Wizard.__init__(self, name=name, power=power, email=email)
        Archer.__init__(self, name=name, no_of_arrows=no_of_arrows)