返回输入或textArea的元素的React / Typescript forwardRef类型

时间:2020-09-18 23:17:48

标签: reactjs typescript react-ref react-forwardref

我正在尝试使用react和Typescript为我们的应用程序创建一个通用的文本输入组件。我希望它能够成为输入元素或基于给定道具的textarea元素。所以看起来像这样:

import {TextArea, Input} from 'ourComponentLibrary'

export const Component = forwardRef((props, ref) => {
  const Element = props.type === 'textArea' ? TextArea : Input

  return (
    <Element ref={ref} />
  )
})

此代码可以正常工作。但是,当尝试合并类型时,它变得有些麻烦。 ref类型应基于传递的HTMLInputElement属性为HTMLTextAreaElementtype。在我的脑海中,看起来像这样:

interface Props {
  ...
}

export const Component = forwardRef<
  HTMLInputElement | HTMLTextAreaElement,
  Props
>((props, ref) => {
  ...
});

但是我知道这并不是我真正需要的。因此,错误: Type 'HTMLInputElement' is missing the following properties from type 'HTMLTextAreaElement': cols, rows, textLength, wrap

总而言之,我希望类型对齐,以便如果type属性是textArea,则ref类型应该是HTMLTextAreaElement,并且如果类型prop是input,则引用类型应为HTMLInputAreaElement

有什么建议吗?

谢谢。

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

虽然这绝对不能解决React.forwardProps的问题,但是另一种方法是解决该问题,而改用innerRef属性。然后,您可以在innerRef属性上强制执行类型。实现所需的结果,但输入灵活,开销少且无需实例化。

工作演示:

Edit Typescript - Switch Component


components / Label / index.tsx

import * as React from "react";
import { FC, LabelProps } from "~types";

/*
  Field label for form elements

  @param {string} name - form field name
  @param {string} label - form field label 
  @returns {JSX.Element}
*/
const Label: FC<LabelProps> = ({ name, label }) => (
  <label className="label" htmlFor={name}>
    {label}&#58;
  </label>
);

export default Label;

components / Fields / index.tsx

import * as React from "react";
import Label from "../Label";
import { FC, InputProps, TextAreaProps } from "~types";

/*
  Field elements for a form that are conditionally rendered by a fieldType
  of "input" or "textarea".

  @param {Object} props - properties for an input or textarea
  @returns {JSX.Element | null} 
*/
const Field: FC<InputProps | TextAreaProps> = (props) => {
  switch (props.fieldType) {
    case "input":
      return (
        <>
          <Label name={props.name} label={props.label} />
          <input
            ref={props.innerRef}
            name={props.name}
            className={props.className}
            placeholder={props.placeholder}
            type={props.type}
            value={props.value}
            onChange={props.onChange}
          />
        </>
      );
    case "textarea":
      return (
        <>
          <Label name={props.name} label={props.label} />
          <textarea
            ref={props.innerRef}
            name={props.name}
            className={props.className}
            placeholder={props.placeholder}
            rows={props.rows}
            cols={props.cols}
            value={props.value}
            onChange={props.onChange}
          />
        </>
      );
    default:
      return null;
  }
};

export default Field;

components / Form / index.tsx

import * as React from "react";
import Field from "../Fields";
import { FormEvent, FC, EventTargetNameValue } from "~types";

const initialState = {
  email: "",
  name: "",
  background: ""
};

const Form: FC = () => {
  const [state, setState] = React.useState(initialState);
  const emailRef = React.useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
  const nameRef = React.useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
  const bgRef = React.useRef<HTMLTextAreaElement>(null);

  const handleChange = React.useCallback(
    ({ target: { name, value } }: EventTargetNameValue) => {
      setState((s) => ({ ...s, [name]: value }));
    },
    []
  );

  const handleReset = React.useCallback(() => {
    setState(initialState);
  }, []);

  const handleSubmit = React.useCallback(
    (e: FormEvent<HTMLFormElement>) => {
      e.preventDefault();

      const alertMessage = Object.values(state).some((v) => !v)
        ? "Must fill out all form fields before submitting!"
        : JSON.stringify(state, null, 4);

      alert(alertMessage);
    },
    [state]
  );

  return (
    <form className="uk-form" onSubmit={handleSubmit}>
      <Field
        innerRef={emailRef}
        label="Email"
        className="uk-input"
        fieldType="input"
        type="email"
        name="email"
        onChange={handleChange}
        placeholder="Enter email..."
        value={state.email}
      />
      <Field
        innerRef={nameRef}
        label="Name"
        className="uk-input"
        fieldType="input"
        type="text"
        name="name"
        onChange={handleChange}
        placeholder="Enter name..."
        value={state.name}
      />
      <Field
        innerRef={bgRef}
        label="Background"
        className="uk-textarea"
        fieldType="textarea"
        rows={5}
        name="background"
        onChange={handleChange}
        placeholder="Enter background..."
        value={state.background}
      />
      <button
        className="uk-button uk-button-danger"
        type="button"
        onClick={handleReset}
      >
        Reset
      </button>
      <button
        style={{ float: "right" }}
        className="uk-button uk-button-primary"
        type="submit"
      >
        Submit
      </button>
    </form>
  );
};

export default Form;

types / index.ts

import type {
  FC,
  ChangeEvent,
  RefObject as Ref,
  FormEvent,
  ReactText
} from "react";

// custom utility types that can be reused
type ClassName = { className?: string };
type InnerRef<T> = { innerRef?: Ref<T> };
type OnChange<T> = { onChange: (event: ChangeEvent<T>) => void };
type Placeholder = { placeholder?: string };
type Value<T> = { value: T };

// defines a destructured event in a callback
export type EventTargetNameValue = {
  target: {
    name: string;
    value: string;
  };
};

/*
  Utility interface that constructs typings based upon passed in arguments

  @param {HTMLElement} E - type of HTML Element that is being rendered
  @param {string} F - the fieldType to be rendered ("input" or "textarea")
  @param {string} V - the type of value the field expects to be (string, number, etc)
*/
interface FieldProps<E, F, V>
  extends LabelProps,
    ClassName,
    Placeholder,
    OnChange<E>,
    InnerRef<E>,
    Value<V> {
  fieldType: F;
}

// defines props for a "Label" component
export interface LabelProps {
  name: string;
  label: string;
}

// defines props for an "input" element by extending the FieldProps interface
export interface InputProps
  extends FieldProps<HTMLInputElement, "input", ReactText> {
  type: "text" | "number" | "email" | "phone";
}

// defines props for an "textarea" element by extending the FieldProps interface
export interface TextAreaProps
  extends FieldProps<HTMLTextAreaElement, "textarea", string> {
  cols?: number;
  rows?: number;
}

// exporting React types for reusability
export type { ChangeEvent, FC, FormEvent };

index.tsx

import * as React from "react";
import { render } from "react-dom";
import Form from "./components/Form";
import "uikit/dist/css/uikit.min.css";
import "./index.css";

render(<Form />, document.getElementById("root"));

答案 1 :(得分:2)

我知道我回答这个问题真的晚了,但这就是我解决这个问题的方法。也许有一天这会对其他人有所帮助。

type InputElement = 'input' | 'textarea'

export type InputProps<E extends InputElement> = {
    multiline: E extends 'textarea' ? true : false
    /* rest of props */
}

const Component = React.forwardRef(function Component<E extends InputElement>(
    props: InputProps<E>,
    ref: React.Ref<HTMLElementTagNameMap[E] | null>,
) {

答案 2 :(得分:1)

这是一个棘手的问题,我认为唯一可行的方法是使用higher order componentfunction overloading

基本上,我们必须创建一个函数,该函数本身将根据所传递的参数而返回一种类型的组件或另一种类型的组件。

// Overload signature #1
function MakeInput(
  type: "textArea"
): React.ForwardRefExoticComponent<
  TextAreaProps & React.RefAttributes<HTMLTextAreaElement>
>;
// Overload signature #2
function MakeInput(
  type: "input"
): React.ForwardRefExoticComponent<
  InputProps & React.RefAttributes<HTMLInputElement>
>;
// Function declaration
function MakeInput(type: "textArea" | "input") {
  if (type === "textArea") {
    const ret = React.forwardRef<HTMLTextAreaElement, TextAreaProps>(
      (props, ref) => {
        return <TextArea {...props} ref={ref} />;
      }
    );
    return ret;
  } else {
    const ret = React.forwardRef<HTMLInputElement, InputProps>((props, ref) => {
      return <Input {...props} ref={ref} />;
    });
    return ret;
  }
}

然后,通过使用组件的“类型”调用高阶组件函数MakeInput()来实例化要渲染的组件类型:

export default function App() {
  const textAreaRef = React.useRef<HTMLTextAreaElement>(null);
  const inputRef = React.useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);

  const MyTextArea = MakeInput("textArea");
  const MyInput = MakeInput("input");

  return (
    <div className="App">
      <h1>Hello CodeSandbox</h1>
      <h2>Start editing to see some magic happen!</h2>
      <MyTextArea value={"Foo"} ref={textAreaRef} />
      <MyInput value={"Bar"} ref={inputRef} />
    </div>
  );
}

现在,这可能会让人感到“不满意”,因为这大致相当于在此处进行条件检查,以查看基于type呈现的组件类型,该组件刚刚被抽象为一个函数。但是,您无法渲染一个神奇的<MyTextAreaOrInputComponent />并获得 both propsref属性的完整类型检查。为此,您必须归咎于React本身,因为ref道具(例如key以及其他一些道具)非常非常特殊,并且被React独特地对待,这正是{ {1}}首先。

但是,如果您考虑一下,实际上,您仍在进行所需的道具类型检查,只是您增加了调用React.forwardRef()以确定组件类型的额外步骤。所以不用写这个:

MakeInput()

您正在写这篇文章:

return <Component type="textArea" ref={textAreaRef} />

在这两种情况下,您在编写代码时都明确知道 {em> const MyComponent = MakeInput("textArea"); return <MyComponent ref={textAreaRef} /> type的值。由于ref的工作方式,就我所知,前一种情况是行不通的。但是后一种情况 是可能的,并且只需额外的步骤即可为您提供完全相同级别的类型检查。

https://codesandbox.io/s/nostalgic-pare-pqmfu?file=/src/App.tsx

注意:在上面的沙箱中玩耍,看看与React.forwardRef()相比<Input/>有一个额外的道具extraInputValue,高阶组件如何优雅地处理它。另请注意,使用任一有效字符串值调用<TextArea/>来创建组件都会导致预期的和正确的道具类型检查。

编辑:在类型检查方面,“魔术子弹”组件与使用HOC的另一种说明在功能上是相同的,因为在您的方案中,您同时知道MakeInput()和{{1 }}应该在预编译时代表,您可以按字面意义执行包含相同信息量的IIFE:

type