我有:
uint8 buf[] = {0, 1, 10, 11};
我想将字节数组转换为字符串,以便我可以使用printf打印字符串:
printf("%s\n", str);
并获取(冒号不是必需的):
"00:01:0A:0B"
非常感谢任何帮助。
答案 0 :(得分:75)
printf("%02X:%02X:%02X:%02X", buf[0], buf[1], buf[2], buf[3]);
更通用的方式:
int i;
for (i = 0; i < x; i++)
{
if (i > 0) printf(":");
printf("%02X", buf[i]);
}
printf("\n");
连接到字符串,有几种方法可以做到这一点...我可能会保留一个指向字符串末尾的指针并使用sprintf。你还应该跟踪数组的大小,以确保它不会超过分配的空间:
int i;
char* buf2 = stringbuf;
char* endofbuf = stringbuf + sizeof(stringbuf);
for (i = 0; i < x; i++)
{
/* i use 5 here since we are going to add at most
3 chars, need a space for the end '\n' and need
a null terminator */
if (buf2 + 5 < endofbuf)
{
if (i > 0)
{
buf2 += sprintf(buf2, ":");
}
buf2 += sprintf(buf2, "%02X", buf[i]);
}
}
buf2 += sprintf(buf2, "\n");
答案 1 :(得分:25)
对于completude,你也可以轻松地完成它而不需要调用任何繁重的库函数(没有snprintf,没有strcat,甚至没有memcpy)。它可能很有用,比如你是在编写一些没有libc的微控制器或OS内核。
如果你谷歌的话,你可以找到类似的代码。真的,它比调用snprintf要复杂得多,而且速度要快得多。
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
unsigned char buf[] = {0, 1, 10, 11};
/* target buffer should be large enough */
char str[12];
unsigned char * pin = buf;
const char * hex = "0123456789ABCDEF";
char * pout = str;
int i = 0;
for(; i < sizeof(buf)-1; ++i){
*pout++ = hex[(*pin>>4)&0xF];
*pout++ = hex[(*pin++)&0xF];
*pout++ = ':';
}
*pout++ = hex[(*pin>>4)&0xF];
*pout++ = hex[(*pin)&0xF];
*pout = 0;
printf("%s\n", str);
}
这是另一个略短的版本。它只是避免使用中间索引变量i并复制最后一个案例代码(但终止字符写入两次)。
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
unsigned char buf[] = {0, 1, 10, 11};
/* target buffer should be large enough */
char str[12];
unsigned char * pin = buf;
const char * hex = "0123456789ABCDEF";
char * pout = str;
for(; pin < buf+sizeof(buf); pout+=3, pin++){
pout[0] = hex[(*pin>>4) & 0xF];
pout[1] = hex[ *pin & 0xF];
pout[2] = ':';
}
pout[-1] = 0;
printf("%s\n", str);
}
下面是另一个回答评论的版本,说我使用“技巧”来了解输入缓冲区的大小。实际上,这不是技巧,而是必要的输入知识(您需要知道要转换的数据的大小)。通过将转换代码提取到单独的函数,我更清楚了。我还为目标缓冲区添加了边界检查代码,如果我们知道自己在做什么,这是不必要的。
#include <stdio.h>
void tohex(unsigned char * in, size_t insz, char * out, size_t outsz)
{
unsigned char * pin = in;
const char * hex = "0123456789ABCDEF";
char * pout = out;
for(; pin < in+insz; pout +=3, pin++){
pout[0] = hex[(*pin>>4) & 0xF];
pout[1] = hex[ *pin & 0xF];
pout[2] = ':';
if (pout + 3 - out > outsz){
/* Better to truncate output string than overflow buffer */
/* it would be still better to either return a status */
/* or ensure the target buffer is large enough and it never happen */
break;
}
}
pout[-1] = 0;
}
int main(){
enum {insz = 4, outsz = 3*insz};
unsigned char buf[] = {0, 1, 10, 11};
char str[outsz];
tohex(buf, insz, str, outsz);
printf("%s\n", str);
}
答案 2 :(得分:15)
这是一种更快的方法:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
unsigned char * bin_to_strhex(const unsigned char *bin, unsigned int binsz,
unsigned char **result)
{
unsigned char hex_str[]= "0123456789abcdef";
unsigned int i;
if (!(*result = (unsigned char *)malloc(binsz * 2 + 1)))
return (NULL);
(*result)[binsz * 2] = 0;
if (!binsz)
return (NULL);
for (i = 0; i < binsz; i++)
{
(*result)[i * 2 + 0] = hex_str[(bin[i] >> 4) & 0x0F];
(*result)[i * 2 + 1] = hex_str[(bin[i] ) & 0x0F];
}
return (*result);
}
int main()
{
//the calling
unsigned char buf[] = {0,1,10,11};
unsigned char * result;
printf("result : %s\n", bin_to_strhex((unsigned char *)buf, sizeof(buf), &result));
free(result);
return 0
}
答案 3 :(得分:7)
上面已经存在类似的答案,我添加了一个来解释下面的代码行是如何工作的:
ptr += sprintf (ptr, "%02X", buf[i])
这很安静,不易理解,我在下面的评论中加入了解释:
uint8 buf[] = {0, 1, 10, 11};
/* Allocate twice the number of the bytes in the buf array because each byte would be
* converted to two hex characters, also add an extra space for the terminating null byte
* [size] is the size of the buf array */
char output[(size * 2) + 1];
/* pointer to the first item (0 index) of the output array */
char *ptr = &output[0];
int i;
for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
/* sprintf converts each byte to 2 chars hex string and a null byte, for example
* 10 => "0A\0".
*
* These three chars would be added to the output array starting from
* the ptr location, for example if ptr is pointing at 0 index then the hex chars
* "0A\0" would be written as output[0] = '0', output[1] = 'A' and output[2] = '\0'.
*
* sprintf returns the number of chars written execluding the null byte, in our case
* this would be 2. Then we move the ptr location two steps ahead so that the next
* hex char would be written just after this one and overriding this one's null byte.
*
* We don't need to add a terminating null byte because it's already added from
* the last hex string. */
ptr += sprintf (ptr, "%02X", buf[i]);
}
printf ("%s\n", output);
答案 4 :(得分:5)
我只想添加以下内容,即使它稍微偏离主题(不是标准C),但我发现自己经常寻找它,并在第一次搜索命中之间绊倒这个问题。 Linux内核打印函数printk
也有格式说明符,用于通过单一格式说明符“直接”输出数组/内存内容:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/printk-formats.txt
Raw buffer as a hex string:
%*ph 00 01 02 ... 3f
%*phC 00:01:02: ... :3f
%*phD 00-01-02- ... -3f
%*phN 000102 ... 3f
For printing a small buffers (up to 64 bytes long) as a hex string with
certain separator. For the larger buffers consider to use
print_hex_dump().
...但是,标准的用户空间(s)printf
似乎不存在这些格式说明符。
答案 5 :(得分:1)
函数btox
将任意数据*bb
转换为*xp
十六进制数字的无终止字符串n
:
void btox(char *xp, const char *bb, int n)
{
const char xx[]= "0123456789ABCDEF";
while (--n >= 0) xp[n] = xx[(bb[n>>1] >> ((1 - (n&1)) << 2)) & 0xF];
}
#include <stdio.h>
typedef unsigned char uint8;
void main(void)
{
uint8 buf[] = {0, 1, 10, 11};
int n = sizeof buf << 1;
char hexstr[n + 1];
btox(hexstr, buf, n);
hexstr[n] = 0; /* Terminate! */
printf("%s\n", hexstr);
}
结果:00010A0B
。
实时:Tio.run。
答案 6 :(得分:1)
这是执行转换的一种方式:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define l_word 15
#define u_word 240
char *hex_str[]={"0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","A","B","C","D","E","F"};
main(int argc,char *argv[]) {
char *str = malloc(50);
char *tmp;
char *tmp2;
int i=0;
while( i < (argc-1)) {
tmp = hex_str[*(argv[i]) & l_word];
tmp2 = hex_str[*(argv[i]) & u_word];
if(i == 0) { memcpy(str,tmp2,1); strcat(str,tmp);}
else { strcat(str,tmp2); strcat(str,tmp);}
i++;
}
printf("\n********* %s *************** \n", str);
}
答案 7 :(得分:1)
此函数适用于用户/调用者希望将十六进制字符串放入特征数组/缓冲区的情况。使用字符缓冲区中的十六进制字符串,用户/调用者可以使用其自己的宏/函数来显示或将其记录到它想要的任何位置(例如,文件)。此函数还允许调用者控制要放入每行的(十六进制)字节数。
/**
* @fn
* get_hex
*
* @brief
* Converts a char into bunary string
*
* @param[in]
* buf Value to be converted to hex string
* @param[in]
* buf_len Length of the buffer
* @param[in]
* hex_ Pointer to space to put Hex string into
* @param[in]
* hex_len Length of the hex string space
* @param[in]
* num_col Number of columns in display hex string
* @param[out]
* hex_ Contains the hex string
* @return void
*/
static inline void
get_hex(char *buf, int buf_len, char* hex_, int hex_len, int num_col)
{
int i;
#define ONE_BYTE_HEX_STRING_SIZE 3
unsigned int byte_no = 0;
if (buf_len <= 0) {
if (hex_len > 0) {
hex_[0] = '\0';
}
return;
}
if(hex_len < ONE_BYTE_HEX_STRING_SIZE + 1)
{
return;
}
do {
for (i = 0; ((i < num_col) && (buf_len > 0) && (hex_len > 0)); ++i )
{
snprintf(hex_, hex_len, "%02X ", buf[byte_no++] & 0xff);
hex_ += ONE_BYTE_HEX_STRING_SIZE;
hex_len -=ONE_BYTE_HEX_STRING_SIZE;
buf_len--;
}
if (buf_len > 1)
{
snprintf(hex_, hex_len, "\n");
hex_ += 1;
}
} while ((buf_len) > 0 && (hex_len > 0));
}
实施例: 代码
#define DATA_HEX_STR_LEN 5000
char data_hex_str[DATA_HEX_STR_LEN];
get_hex(pkt, pkt_len, data_hex_str, DATA_HEX_STR_LEN, 16);
// ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^
// Input byte array Number of (hex) byte
// to be converted to hex string columns in hex string
printf("pkt:\n%s",data_hex_str)
输出
pkt:
BB 31 32 00 00 00 00 00 FF FF FF FF FF FF DE E5
A8 E2 8E C1 08 06 00 01 08 00 06 04 00 01 DE E5
A8 E2 8E C1 67 1E 5A 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 67 1E
5A 01
答案 8 :(得分:0)
在C中没有这个原语。我可能malloc(或者可能是alloca)足够长的缓冲区并在输入上循环。我也看到它完成了一个带有语义的动态字符串库(但不是语法!)类似于C ++的ostringstream
,这是一个看似更通用的解决方案,但它可能不值得单一案例的额外复杂性
答案 9 :(得分:0)
您可以使用snprintf和malloc解决。
char c_buff[50];
u8_number_val[] = { 0xbb, 0xcc, 0xdd, 0x0f, 0xef, 0x0f, 0x0e, 0x0d, 0x0c };
char *s_temp = malloc(u8_size * 2 + 1);
for (uint8_t i = 0; i < u8_size; i++)
{
snprintf(s_temp + i * 2, 3, "%02x", u8_number_val[i]);
}
snprintf(c_buff, strlen(s_temp)+1, "%s", s_temp );
printf("%s\n",c_buff);
free(s);
OUT: bbccdd0fef0f0e0d0c
答案 10 :(得分:0)
我知道这个问题已经有了答案,但是我认为我的解决方案可以帮助某人。
因此,在我的情况下,我有一个表示键的字节数组,我需要将此字节数组转换为十六进制值的char数组,以便将其打印在一行中。我将代码提取到这样的函数中:
char const * keyToStr(uint8_t const *key)
{
uint8_t offset = 0;
static char keyStr[2 * KEY_SIZE + 1];
for (size_t i = 0; i < KEY_SIZE; i++)
{
offset += sprintf(keyStr + offset, "%02X", key[i]);
}
sprintf(keyStr + offset, "%c", '\0');
return keyStr;
}
现在,我可以这样使用我的函数了:
Serial.print("Public key: ");
Serial.println(keyToStr(m_publicKey));
Serial
对象是Arduino库的一部分,m_publicKey
是此类的成员,带有以下声明uint8_t m_publicKey[32]
。
答案 11 :(得分:0)
基于Yannuth的answer但简化。
此处,dest[]
的长度隐含为len
的两倍,其分配由来电者管理。
void create_hex_string_implied(const unsigned char *src, size_t len, unsigned char *dest)
{
static const unsigned char table[] = "0123456789abcdef";
for (; len > 0; --len)
{
unsigned char c = *src++;
*dest++ = table[c >> 4];
*dest++ = table[c & 0x0f];
}
}
答案 12 :(得分:0)
稍微修改了Yannith版本。 我只想将它作为返回值
typedef struct {
size_t len;
uint8_t *bytes;
} vdata;
char* vdata_get_hex(const vdata data)
{
char hex_str[]= "0123456789abcdef";
char* out;
out = (char *)malloc(data.len * 2 + 1);
(out)[data.len * 2] = 0;
if (!data.len) return NULL;
for (size_t i = 0; i < data.len; i++) {
(out)[i * 2 + 0] = hex_str[(data.bytes[i] >> 4) & 0x0F];
(out)[i * 2 + 1] = hex_str[(data.bytes[i] ) & 0x0F];
}
return out;
}
&#13;
答案 13 :(得分:0)
为简单起见,我创建了一个对输入字符串进行编码的函数(二进制数据):
/* Encodes string to hexadecimal string reprsentation
Allocates a new memory for supplied lpszOut that needs to be deleted after use
Fills the supplied lpszOut with hexadecimal representation of the input
*/
void StringToHex(unsigned char *szInput, size_t size_szInput, char **lpszOut)
{
unsigned char *pin = szInput;
const char *hex = "0123456789ABCDEF";
size_t outSize = size_szInput * 2 + 2;
*lpszOut = new char[outSize];
char *pout = *lpszOut;
for (; pin < szInput + size_szInput; pout += 2, pin++)
{
pout[0] = hex[(*pin >> 4) & 0xF];
pout[1] = hex[*pin & 0xF];
}
pout[0] = 0;
}
用法:
unsigned char input[] = "This is a very long string that I want to encode";
char *szHexEncoded = NULL;
StringToHex(input, strlen((const char *)input), &szHexEncoded);
printf(szHexEncoded);
// The allocated memory needs to be deleted after usage
delete[] szHexEncoded;
答案 14 :(得分:0)
我会在这里为感兴趣的人添加 C ++ 版本。
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
inline void print_bytes(char const * buffer, std::size_t count, std::size_t bytes_per_line, std::ostream & out) {
std::ios::fmtflags flags(out.flags()); // Save flags before manipulation.
out << std::hex << std::setfill('0');
out.setf(std::ios::uppercase);
for (std::size_t i = 0; i != count; ++i) {
auto current_byte_number = static_cast<unsigned int>(static_cast<unsigned char>(buffer[i]));
out << std::setw(2) << current_byte_number;
bool is_end_of_line = (bytes_per_line != 0) && ((i + 1 == count) || ((i + 1) % bytes_per_line == 0));
out << (is_end_of_line ? '\n' : ' ');
}
out.flush();
out.flags(flags); // Restore original flags.
}
它会将buffer
长度count
的hexdump打印到std::ostream
out
(您可以将其默认为std::cout
)。每行包含bytes_per_line
个字节,每个字节使用大写的两位十六进制表示。字节之间会有一个空格。在缓冲区的行尾或结尾处,它将打印换行符。如果bytes_per_line
设置为0,则不会打印new_line。试试吧。
答案 15 :(得分:0)
ZincX的解决方案适用于包括冒号分隔符:
char buf[] = {0,1,10,11};
int i, size = sizeof(buf) / sizeof(char);
char *buf_str = (char*) malloc(3 * size), *buf_ptr = buf_str;
if (buf_str) {
for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
buf_ptr += sprintf(buf_ptr, i < size - 1 ? "%02X:" : "%02X\0", buf[i]);
printf("%s\n", buf_str);
free(buf_str);
}
答案 16 :(得分:0)
如果要将十六进制值存储在char *
字符串中,可以使用snprintf
。您需要为所有打印字符分配空间,包括前导零和冒号。
扩展Mark的回答:
char str_buf* = malloc(3*X + 1); // X is the number of bytes to be converted
int i;
for (i = 0; i < x; i++)
{
if (i > 0) snprintf(str_buf, 1, ":");
snprintf(str_buf, 2, "%02X", num_buf[i]); // need 2 characters for a single hex value
}
snprintf(str_buf, 2, "\n\0"); // dont forget the NULL byte
所以现在str_buf
将包含十六进制字符串。
答案 17 :(得分:-2)
有哪些复杂的解决方案!
Malloc和sprint和演员哦我的。 (OZ报价)
而不是任何地方的单一的rem。天哪
这样的事情怎么样?
main()
{
// the value
int value = 16;
// create a string array with a '\0' ending ie. 0,0,0
char hex[]= {0,0,'\0'};
char *hex_p=hex;
//a working variable
int TEMP_int=0;
// get me how many 16s are in this code
TEMP_int=value/16;
// load the first character up with
// 48+0 gives you ascii 0, 55+10 gives you ascii A
if (TEMP_int<10) {*hex_p=48+TEMP_int;}
else {*hex_p=55+TEMP_int;}
// move that pointer to the next (less significant byte)<BR>
hex_p++;
// get me the remainder after I have divied by 16
TEMP_int=value%16;
// 48+0 gives you ascii 0, 55+10 gives you ascii A
if (TEMP_int<10) {*hex_p=48+TEMP_int;}
else {*hex_p=55+TEMP_int;}
// print the result
printf("%i , 0x%s",value,hex);
}