Question

我有一个称为VecCircular的数据结构，对于std :: iter :: Iterator的非消耗性不可变实现，我遵循了准则here。这是我的代码：

pub struct VecCircularIterator<'a, T> {
    vec_circular: &'a VecCircular<T>,
    index: usize,
}

impl<'a, T> std::iter::IntoIterator for &'a VecCircular<T> {
    type Item = &'a T;
    type IntoIter = VecCircularIterator<'a, T>;

    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
        VecCircularIterator {
            vec_circular: &self,
            index: self.front_index,
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, T> std::iter::Iterator for VecCircularIterator<'a, T> {
    type Item = &'a T;
    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a T> {
        if self.index == self.vec_circular.rear_index || self.vec_circular.empty() {
            return None;
        } else {
            let item = &self.vec_circular[self.index];
            self.index = (self.index + 1) % self.vec_circular.capacity;
            return Some(item);
        }
    }
}

但是当我尝试将该实现更改为可变的时候：

pub struct VecCircularIterator<'a, T> {
    vec_circular: &'a mut VecCircular<T>,
    index: usize,
}

impl<'a, T> std::iter::IntoIterator for &'a VecCircular<T> {
    type Item = &'a T;
    type IntoIter = VecCircularIterator<'a, T>;

    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
        VecCircularIterator {
            vec_circular: &mut self,
            index: self.front_index,
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, T> std::iter::Iterator for VecCircularIterator<'a, T> {
    type Item = &'a T;
    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a T> {
        if self.index == self.vec_circular.rear_index || self.vec_circular.empty() {
            return None;
        } else {
            let item = &self.vec_circular[self.index];
            self.index = (self.index + 1) % self.vec_circular.capacity;
            return Some(item);
        }
    }
}

我收到以下错误：

    error[E0495]: cannot infer an appropriate lifetime for lifetime parameter in function call due to conflicting requirements
   --> src/queue/mod.rs:143:25
    |
143 |             let item = &self.vec_circular[self.index];
    |                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    |
note: first, the lifetime cannot outlive the anonymous lifetime #1 defined on the method body at 139:5...
   --> src/queue/mod.rs:139:5
    |
139 | /     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a T> {
140 | |         if self.index == self.vec_circular.rear_index || self.vec_circular.empty() {
141 | |             return None;
142 | |         } else {
...   |
146 | |         }
147 | |     }
    | |_____^
note: ...so that reference does not outlive borrowed content
   --> src/queue/mod.rs:143:25
    |
143 |             let item = &self.vec_circular[self.index];
    |                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
note: but, the lifetime must be valid for the lifetime `'a` as defined on the impl at 137:6...
   --> src/queue/mod.rs:137:6
    |
137 | impl<'a, T> std::iter::Iterator for VecCircularIterator<'a, T> {
    |      ^^
note: ...so that the types are compatible
   --> src/queue/mod.rs:139:41
    |
139 |       fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a T> {
    |  _________________________________________^
140 | |         if self.index == self.vec_circular.rear_index || self.vec_circular.empty() {
141 | |             return None;
142 | |         } else {
...   |
146 | |         }
147 | |     }
    | |_____^
    = note: expected  `std::option::Option<&'a T>`
               found  `std::option::Option<&T>`

error: aborting due to previous error

For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0495`.
error: could not compile `rudac`.

我对防锈寿命参数有些不确定，我不知道该怎么办。

Answer 1

迭代器无法从其内部产生借入的值。否则，next的API声明必须将Self::Item和有效期绑定到self。

您可以产生该值而不是引用，例如类似这样的代码（但是您的代码示例不完整（缺少VecCircular），因此很难猜测是什么好方法）：

impl<T> std::iter::Iterator for VecCircularIterator<T> {
    type Item = T;
    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<T> {
        if self.index == self.vec_circular.rear_index || self.vec_circular.empty() {
            return None;
        } else {
            let item = self.vec_circular[self.index];
            self.index = (self.index + 1) % self.vec_circular.capacity;
            return item;
        }
    }
}

还请注意，您的into_iter方法存在问题。 into_iter会消耗自我，因此，如果您为vec_circular分配一个引用，它的生存期将不够长（一旦into_iter返回，它将超出范围）。

顺便说一句。由于看起来您是自己实现队列，因此您可能还对标准库中的VecDeque感兴趣。它还提供Iter，可以产生引用。它是通过not owning the VecDeque itself完成的，而只是从中借用一个切片。

如何为数据结构实现非消耗的可变std :: iter :: Iterator

1 个答案: