我有2节课。由于Doctor将被视为Employee,因此我应该在Doctor类中使用Employee类的函数。 Doctor类唯一具有的其他功能是 TITLE 。基本上,我尝试的是我想将值发送给Doctor的构造函数,设置标题,然后将剩余的值发送给Employee的类;但是,我不能。这是我到目前为止所做的,
employee.h
#ifndef EMPLOYEE_H
#define EMPLOYEE_H
class Employee {
private:
int ID;
char *firstname;
char *lastname;
int telno;
char *adress;
char *mail;
int salary;
public:
Employee();
Employee(int,char *,char*,int,char*,char*,int);
char* getfmame();
char* getlname();
char* getadress();
char* getmail();
int getID();
int gettel();
int getsalary();
void printall();
};
#endif
Employee.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "employee.h"
using namespace std;
Employee::Employee() {
firstname = "Empty";
ID=0;
firstname="Empty";
lastname="Empty";
telno=0;
adress="Empty";
mail="Empty";
salary=0;
}
Employee::Employee(int id,char * first,char* last,int tell,char* adres,char* email,int salar){
ID=id;
firstname=first;
lastname=last;
telno=tell;
adress=adres;
mail=email;
salary=salar;
}
char* Employee::getfmame(){ return firstname; }
char* Employee::getlname(){ return lastname; }
char* Employee::getadress(){ return adress; }
char* Employee::getmail(){ return mail; }
int Employee::getID(){ return ID; }
int Employee::gettel(){ return telno; }
int Employee::getsalary(){ return salary; }
void Employee::printall(){
cout<<endl<<"EMLOYEE INFORMATION"<<endl<<"------------------"<<endl;
cout<<endl<<"ID :"<<ID<<endl<<"FIRST NAME: "<< firstname <<endl<<"LAST NAME: "<< lastname << endl << "TELEPHONE NUMBER: "<<telno<<endl<<"ADRESS: "<<adress<<endl<<"MAIL: "<<mail<<endl<<"SALARY: "<<salary<<endl;
}
Doctor.h
#ifndef DOCTOR_H
#define DOCTOR_H
#include "Employee.h"
using namespace std;
class Doctor :Employee {
public:
enum title {Intern=0,Practitioner=1,Assistant=2,Specialist=3,Docent=4,Professor=5,None=6};
Doctor();
Doctor(title a,int id,char * first,char* last,int tell,char* adres,char* email,int salar);
};
#endif
Doctor.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "Doctor.h"
#include "Employee.h"
using namespace std;
Doctor::Doctor() {
title tit = None ;
}
Doctor::Doctor(title a,int id,char * first,char* last,int tell,char* adres,char* email,int salar) {
title tit=a;
Employee(id,first,last, tell,adres,email,salar);
printall();
cout<<"typed";
}
Main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "employee.h"
#include "doctor.h"
using namespace std;
int main(){
Doctor a=Doctor(Doctor::None,12,"a","b",0550550505,"8424 str nu:5","@hotmail",5000);
return 0;
}
答案 0 :(得分:1)
C ++中的子类构造有效,因此必须在执行子类的构造函数主体时构造基类对象:
class A {
/* etc. etc. */
public:
void do_stuff();
};
class B : public A {
B() {
// at this point, an A has already been constructed!
A::do_stuff();
}
};
请注意,在此示例中,由于我们没有为A
实例选择显式构造函数,因此将使用默认构造函数A::A()
;如果该构造函数不可用-我们会收到编译错误。可以调用A
的构造函数的事实是,我们可以使用类A
的方法-像上面示例中的A::do_stuff()
一样。
但是-我们如何在B
构造函数的主体 之前指定其他构造函数?或者在您的情况下,如何在Employee
构造函数的主体之前为Doctor
使用适当的构造函数?
@ user4581301给出了答案:您需要使用member initializer list。此列表上的初始化/构造是在主体之前执行的,并且可能包含基础类。我将用一个简化的示例进行演示。假设Employee
仅具有ID,而Doctor
仅具有附加标题。
class Employee {
protected:
int id_;
public:
Employee(int id) : id_(id) { };
int id() const { return id_; }
};
class Doctor : public Employee {
protected:
std::string title_;
public:
Doctor(int id, std::string title) : Employee(id), title_(title) { };
const std::string& title() const { return title_; }
};
因此,在构造Doctor
时,它会使用得到的Employee
来构造其基础id
实例。构造函数主体用于除简单的成员初始化以外的更复杂的代码。
PS:
title_
而不是std::move(title)
初始化title
成员,有关详细信息,请参见this question。char*
字段,否则请使用const char *
。Doctor
方法不会向Employee
方法写入访问权限;确保这就是您想要的。