PostgreSQL:如何更新JSONB以在嵌套数组中添加新密钥

时间:2020-02-07 11:21:20

标签: postgresql jsonb

如何更新JSONB以将所有记录的新键添加到嵌套数组(对于数组的所有项目)中。

我指的是link 表结构为:

CREATE TABLE orders (
    id   serial PRIMARY KEY,
    data jsonb
);

给定的json是:

{
  "Number": "555",
  "UserId": "1",
  "Items": [
    {
      "ProductId": "1", 
      "Name": "TV",
      "Price": "300.00"
    }, 
    {
      "ProductId": "2", 
      "Name": "Mechanical Keyboard",
      "Price": "120.00"
    }
  ]
}

要向每个数组项中添加新元素,请执行以下查询:

UPDATE orders
SET data = jsonb_set(
    data, 
    '{Items}',      -- the array in which we operate
    to_jsonb(
    (WITH ar AS(
      WITH temp AS(
        SELECT data->'Items' AS items   -- the array in which we operate
        FROM orders
        WHERE id = 1    -- the filtered order we are updating
      )
      SELECT jsonb_set(
        jsonb_array_elements(items),
        '{Quantity}',   -- the new field we are adding
        '"1"',          -- the value of the new field
        true)
      FROM temp)
     SELECT (array_agg(ar.jsonb_set))
     FROM ar)),
  false)
WHERE id = 1;

执行上述查询后的输出:

{
  "Number": "555",
  "UserId": "1",
  "Items": [
    {
      "ProductId": "1", 
      "Name": "TV",
      "Price": "300.00",
      "Quantity": "1"
    }, 
    {
      "ProductId": "2", 
      "Name": "Mechanical Keyboard",
      "Price": "120.00",
      "Quantity": "1"
    }
  ]
}

但是上面只会在id=1处更新json。对于订单中的所有行,更新与上面相同的JSON需要进行哪些更改?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

一个一般性提示,如果您必须修改嵌套的JSON元素,则这是一个严重的信号,表明可以更好地设计数据模型。但是,如果您别无选择,请使用辅助功能。它使事情变得更简单,代码更易读和调试。

create or replace function jsonb_insert_into_elements(jsonb, jsonb)
returns jsonb language sql immutable as $$
    select jsonb_agg(value || $2)
    from jsonb_array_elements($1)
$$;

现在更新非常简单而优雅:

update orders
set data = jsonb_set(
    data, 
    '{Items}', 
    jsonb_insert_into_elements(data->'Items', '{"Quantity": "1"}'))
where id = 1 -- just skip this if you want to update all rows

Db<>Fiddle.

答案 1 :(得分:1)

您无需在SELECT data->'Items' AS items FROM orders WHERE id = 1语句中进行SET CTE的操作-您只需直接引用data->'Items',它就会占用当前更新的行,就像您已经在data = jsonb_set(data, …)中执行。因此,您可以简化为

UPDATE orders
SET data = jsonb_set(
    data, 
    '{Items}',      -- the array in which we operate
    (SELECT jsonb_agg(jsonb_set(
        item,
        '{Quantity}',   -- the new field we are adding
        '"1"',          -- the value of the new field
        true))
     FROM jsonb_array_elements(data->'Items')) AS item, -- the array in which we operate
  false)
WHERE id = 1;

(我也摆脱了其他CTE,并用to_jsonb(array_agg(…))取代了jsonb_agg

现在,更新所有行所需要做的就是省略WHERE子句。