如何使用docx库从MS Word文档的表中提取图像?

时间:2019-10-25 23:16:51

标签: python xml ms-word docx python-docx

我正在开发一个程序,该程序需要从MS Word文档中提取两个图像以在另一个文档中使用它们。我知道图像的位置(文档中的第一个表),但是当我尝试从表中提取任何信息(甚至只是纯文本)时,我会得到空单元格。

我要从中提取图像的

Here is the Word document。我想从第一页(第一张表,第0行和第1行,第2列)中提取“ Rentel”图像。


我尝试尝试以下代码:

from docxtpl import DocxTemplate

source_document = DocxTemplate("Source document.docx")

# It doesn't really matter which rows or columns I use for the cells, everything is empty
print(source_document.tables[0].cell(0,0).text)

哪位给我空行...


我在this discussionthis one上读到的问题可能是“包含在Python Docx无法读取的包装元素中”。他们建议更改源文档,但是我希望能够选择以前使用与源文档相同的模板创建的任何文档(因此这些文档也包含相同的问题,因此我无法单独更改每个文档)。因此,仅使用Python的解决方案确实是我考虑解决问题的唯一方法。


由于我也只想要那两个特定的图像,因此通过解压缩Word文件从xml中提取任何随机图像并不真正适合我的解决方案,除非我知道我需要从解压缩的Word文件文件夹中提取哪个图像名称。


我真的希望它能作为我的论文的一部分而工作(而且我只是一名机电工程师,所以我对软件不太了解)。


[EDIT] :这是first imagesource_document.tables[0].cell(0,2)._tc.xml)的xml代码,这里是second imagesource_document.tables[0].cell(1,2)._tc.xml )。但是我注意到,将(0,2)作为行和列的值,可以给我第2列within the first "visible" table中的所有行。单元格(1,2)为我提供了第2列within the second "visible" table中的所有行。

如果无法使用Python Docx直接解决问题,是否有可能在XML代码中搜索图像名称或ID或其他内容,然后使用该ID /名称通过Python Docx添加图像?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

好吧,首先要跳出来的是,您发布的两个单元格(w:tc元素)每个包含一个嵌套表。这也许是不寻常的,但肯定是有效的构成。也许他们是这样做的,所以他们可以在图像下方或其他下方的单元格中包含标题。

要访问嵌套表,您必须执行以下操作:

outer_cell = source_document.tables[0].cell(0,2)
nested_table = outer_cell.tables[0]
inner_cell_1 = nested_table.cell(0, 0)
print(inner_cell_1.text)
# ---etc....---

我不确定是否可以解决您的整个问题,但令我惊讶的是,这最终是两个或多个问题,第一个是:“为什么我的表格单元格没有显示出来?”第二个可能是“如何从表格单元格中获取图像?” (一旦您实际上找到了该单元格)。

答案 1 :(得分:0)

对于遇到相同问题的人,这是帮助我解决问题的代码:

首先,我使用以下方法从表格中提取嵌套单元格:

@staticmethod
def get_nested_cell(table, outer_row, outer_column, inner_row, inner_column):
    """
        Returns the nested cell (table inside a table) of the *document*

        :argument
            table: [docx.Table] outer table from which to get the nested table
            outer_row: [int] row of the outer table in which the nested table is
            outer_column: [int] column of the outer table in which the nested table is
            inner_row: [int] row in the nested table from which to get the nested cell
            inner_column: [int] column in the nested table from which to get the nested cell
        :return
            inner_cell: [docx.Cell] nested cell
    """
    # Get the global first cell
    outer_cell = table.cell(outer_row, outer_column)
    nested_table = outer_cell.tables[0]
    inner_cell = nested_table.cell(inner_row, inner_column)

    return inner_cell

使用此单元格,我可以获取xml代码并从该xml代码中提取图像。注意:

  • 我没有设置图像的宽度和高度,因为我希望它是相同的
  • replace_logos_from_source方法中,我知道我要从中获取徽标的表是'tables [0]',并且嵌套表在external_row和external_column'0'中,所以我只填写了它get_nested_cell方法中,而无需向replace_logos_from_source
  • 添加额外的参数
def replace_logos_from_source(self, source_document, target_document, inner_row, inner_column):
    """
        Replace the employer and client logo from the *source_document* to the *target_document*. Since the table
        in which the logos are placed are nested tables, the source and target cells with *inner_row* and
        *inner_column* are first extracted from the nested table.

        :argument
            source_document: [DocxTemplate] document from which to extract the image
            target_document: [DocxTemplate] document to which to add the extracted image
            inner_row: [int] row in the nested table from which to get the image
            inner_column: [int] column in the nested table from which to get the image
        :return
            Nothing
    """
    # Get the target and source cell (I know that the table where I want to get the logos from is 'tables[0]' and that the nested table is in outer_row and outer_column '0', so I just filled it in without adding extra arguments to the method)
    target_cell = self.get_nested_cell(target_document.tables[0], 0, 0, inner_row, inner_column)
    source_cell = self.get_nested_cell(source_document.tables[0], 0, 0, inner_row, inner_column)

    # Get the xml code of the inner cell
    inner_cell_xml = source_cell._tc.xml

    # Get the image from the xml code
    image_stream = self.get_image_from_xml(source_document, inner_cell_xml)

    # Add the image to the target cell
    paragraph = target_cell.paragraphs[0]
    if image_stream:  # If not None (image exists)
        run = paragraph.add_run()
        run.add_picture(image_stream)
    else:
        # Set the target cell text equal to the source cell text
        paragraph.add_run(source_cell.text)

@staticmethod
def get_image_from_xml(source_document, xml_code):
    """
        Returns the rId for an image in the *xml_code*

        :argument
            xml_code: [string] xml code from which to extract the image from
        :return
            image_stream: [BytesIO stream] the image to find
            None if no image exists in the xml_file

    """
    # Parse the xml code for the blip
    xml_parser = minidom.parseString(xml_code)

    items = xml_parser.getElementsByTagName('a:blip')

    # Check if an image exists
    if items:
        # Extract the rId of the image
        rId = items[0].attributes['r:embed'].value

        # Get the blob of the image
        source_document_part = source_document.part
        image_part = source_document_part.related_parts[rId]
        image_bytes = image_part._blob

        # Write the image bytes to a file (or BytesIO stream) and feed it to document.add_picture(), maybe:
        image_stream = BytesIO(image_bytes)

        return image_stream
    # If no image exists
    else:
        return None

我使用以下方法来调用该方法:

# Replace the employer and client logos
self.replace_logos_from_source(self.source_document, self.template_doc, 0, 2)  # Employer logo
self.replace_logos_from_source(self.source_document, self.template_doc, 1, 2)  # Client logo