Question

这是用于创建用户和员工模型的简单视图。创建用户和员工之后，它将html电子邮件发送到用户的电子邮件以填充详细信息，该视图可以正常工作。现在，我想为此视图编写测试用例，并在下面进行如下尝试，但是我在如何编写测试以检查将人员模型保存后是否将电子邮件发送给用户方面陷入困境。 models.py

class Staff(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(get_user_model(), on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='staff')
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True, null=True)
    organization = models.ForeignKey(Organization, on_delete=models.SET_NULL,related_name='staff')
    position = models.ForeignKey(Position, on_delete=models.SET_NULL,related_name='staff')
    .......

views.py

def register_staff(request):
    form = RegisterStaffForm()
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = RegisterStaffForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            name = form.cleaned_data['name']
            organization = form.cleaned_data['organization']
            position = form.cleaned_data['position']
            ......
            user = form.save(commit=False)
            user.is_staff = True
            user.is_active = True
            user.save()

            # creating staff model with user data

            Staff.objects.create(user=user, name=name, organization=organization, position=position,....)

            # sending html_email to the user
            config = EmailConfiguration.objects.order_by('-date').first()
            backend = EmailBackend(host=config.email_host, port=config.email_port, username=config.email_host_user,
                                   password=config.email_host_password, use_tls=config.email_use_tls)

            subject, from_email, to = "Staff Details", config.email_host_user, user.email
            text_content = "Staff Details "
            site = get_current_site(request)
            html_content = render_to_string('send_email.html',
                                            {'user': user, 'site_domain': site,})
            msg = EmailMultiAlternatives(subject, text_content, from_email, [to],connection=backend)
            msg.attach_alternative(html_content, "text/html")
            msg.send()

tests.py

class StaffTestCase(TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        self.position = Position.objects.create(title='Developer')
        self.org = Organization.objects.create(name='name')
        self.user = get_user_model().objects.create_user(username='username01',password='Admin@321',email='abc@xyz.com',is_staff=True)
        self.staff = Staff.objects.create(user=self.user,position=self.position,organization=self.org,name='Julia')

        self.client = Client()

    def test_view_staffs(self):
        self.client.login(username='username01', password='Admin@321')
        response = self.client.get(reverse('app:view_staff_users'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

    def add_staff(self):
        self.client.login(username='username01', password='Admin@321')
        url = reverse('app:register_staff')
        response = self.client.post(url, {'user': self.user,'organization':'name1','position':'Designer','name':'Mark'})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 302)

    def check_email_will_sent_or_not(self):
     ??

Answer 1

Django提供了tools to test the sending of emails，但据我了解，这些仅适用于您在设置文件中配置的默认电子邮件后端。

剩下四个选项：

弄清楚是否可以在测试中使用locmem backend修补视图
在EmailBackend视图中模拟register_staff，并检查是否调用了其send_messages函数。
启动一个虚拟SMTP服务器，并检查它是否收到邮件
使用有效的凭据将电子邮件实际发送到您控制的地址，并检查是否收到了电子邮件

选项3和4使您最确信自己的电子邮件发送确实有效，但是结果可能很慢且很脆弱，并且实际上测试了Django本身的电子邮件发送代码。我会选择选项2。

如何编写发送电子邮件的测试用例

1 个答案: