记住前一行中的匹配项,并且仅在连续行中包含与sed匹配的情况时才打印一次,

时间:2019-05-21 10:38:57

标签: shell awk sed

想要sed魔法:

我想知道如何在不立即打​​印的情况下保存/记住行中的匹配项(如标题部分)

并仅在下一行某处找到其他匹配项时打印它,

但是已保存/记住的标题部分只应打印一次,以用于该标题下任意数量的其他后续匹配项

,如果在记住的标题行下方的任何后续行中没有其他内容匹配,则根本不应该打印该文件

例如ifconfig

lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
    options=1203<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,TXSTATUS,SW_TIMESTAMP>
    inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
    inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
    inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1
    inet 127.94.0.2 netmask 0xff000000
    inet 127.94.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
    nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>
gif0: flags=8010<POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST> mtu 1280
stf0: flags=0<> mtu 1280
XHC20: flags=0<> mtu 0
en3: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    options=10b<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,VLAN_HWTAGGING,AV>
    ether 68:5b:35:c1:b3:91
    inet6 fe80::8ef:5953:53b:7058%en3 prefixlen 64 secured scopeid 0x5
    inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255
    inet6 2a02:810d:9c0:59bb:c0d:c8af:7e27:42f1 prefixlen 64 autoconf secured
    inet6 2a02:810d:9c0:59bb:643f:a2cb:ac5f:7c71 prefixlen 64 autoconf temporary
    nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>
    media: autoselect (1000baseT <full-duplex,flow-control,energy-efficient-ethernet>)
    status: active
en0: flags=8823<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    ether 6c:40:08:9c:45:ce
    nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>
    media: autoselect (<unknown type>)
    status: inactive

ifconfig | gsed -n -E '/^[a-z0-9]*:/h; /\tinet (addr:)?[0-9.a-fA-F:]*/{x;p;x;p}'

我得到了(已经很棒了,但是还不不错):

lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
    inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
    inet 127.94.0.2 netmask 0xff000000
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
    inet 127.94.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
en3: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
    inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255

但是我只想为其所有ip获取一次报头(并且不会混乱)

lo0:
    inet 127.0.0.1
    inet 127.94.0.2
    inet 127.94.0.1
en3:
    inet 192.168.0.2

5 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

请您尝试一次。

Your_command | awk '
/^[a-zA-Z]+/{
  count=""
  val=$1
  next
}
val && match($0,/.*[0-9]+\.[-0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+ +/){
  if(++count==1){
    print val
  }
  value=substr($0,RSTART,RLENGTH)
  sub(/ +$/,"",value)
  print value
  value=""
}
' 

答案 1 :(得分:1)

所以我想通了昨晚的操作方法:)

ifconfig | gsed -n -E '
/^[a-z0-9]*:/ {                     # for lines starting with this
    s/^([a-z0-9]*:).*/\1/;h         # extract the start and put it into hold space
}
/\tinet (addr:)?[0-9.a-fA-F:]*/ {   # for lines containing this
    s/^.*(\tinet (addr:)?[0-9.a-fA-F:]*).*/\1/    # extract it
    x                               # swap hold space and pattern space
    G                               # and then append the hold space (former pattern space) to it 
    s/^\n//                         # replace leading \n if former hold space was empty
    p                               # print the concatenated former hold space and modified pattern space
    s/^.*$//                        # empty the pattern space
    x                               # swap the now empty pattern space to hold space
}
'

或(或多或少)单线:

ifconfig | gsed -n -E '
/^[a-z0-9]*:/                   { s/^([a-z0-9]*:).*/\1/;h };
/\tinet (addr:)?[0-9.a-fA-F:]*/ { s/^.*(\tinet (addr:)?[0-9.a-fA-F:]*).*/\1/;x;G;s/^\n//;p;s/^.*$//;x}'

给我希望的

lo0:
    inet 127.0.0.1
    inet 127.94.0.2
    inet 127.94.0.1
en3:
    inet 192.168.0.2

答案 2 :(得分:1)

我为您提供两个建议:

  1. 在清洁输入线时,有时更容易删除而不是选择。
  2. 在这种情况下,更容易将最终输出收集在保持空间中。

例如:

parse.sed

/^[^ ]+/ {        # For lines starting with non-space
  x               # \
  /\n/p           #  Did we collect any IP addresses?
  x               # /

  s/ .*//         # Clean up interface name
  h               # Overwrite hold-space
}

/inet / {
  s/ netmask.*//
  H               # Collect ip addresses in hold-space
}

$ {
  x               # Print the last interface if
  /\n/p           # it contained IP addresses
}

像这样运行它:

ifconfig | gsed -nEf parse.sed

输出:

lo0:
    inet 127.0.0.1
    inet 127.94.0.2
    inet 127.94.0.1
en3:
    inet 192.168.0.2

答案 3 :(得分:0)

sed用于执行简单的s/old/new仅此,对于其他任何操作,只需使用awk:

$ ifconfig | awk '/^[[:alpha:]]/{hdr=$1 ORS} $1=="inet"{print hdr "    " $1, $2; hdr=""}'
lo0:
    inet 127.0.0.1
    inet 127.94.0.2
    inet 127.94.0.1
en3:
    inet 192.168.0.2

答案 4 :(得分:0)

这可能对您有用(GNU sed):

sed -En '/^\S/h;s/^(\s+inet\s+\S+).*/\1/;T;x;s/\s.*//p;x;p' file

将标题行存储在保留空间中。

删除包含inet的行的IP地址之后的所有内容。

如果替换不成功,请保释。否则,请返回到保留空间并尝试删除标题行的末尾并进行打印。

返回到模式空间并打印原始IP地址行。

标头仅打印一次,因为一旦行已编辑,替换将失败。