如何在JavaScript中使用索引器实现数组?在.Net中有类似字典吗?
答案 0 :(得分:89)
技术上没有,但您可以像字典一样使用常规JavaScript对象:
var a = {"a":"wohoo", 2:"hello2", "d":"hello"};
alert(a["a"]);
alert(a[2]);
alert(a["d"]);
答案 1 :(得分:10)
John Resig(jQuery的作者)posted recently关于javascript中的字典查找。
他的解决方案是将字典值指定为对象的属性。代码从上面的文章逐字粘贴:
// The dictionary lookup object
var dict = {};
// Do a jQuery Ajax request for the text dictionary
$.get( "dict/dict.txt", function( txt ) {
// Get an array of all the words
var words = txt.split( "\n" );
// And add them as properties to the dictionary lookup
// This will allow for fast lookups later
for ( var i = 0; i < words.length; i++ ) {
dict[ words[i] ] = true;
}
// The game would start after the dictionary was loaded
// startGame();
});
// Takes in an array of letters and finds the longest
// possible word at the front of the letters
function findWord( letters ) {
// Clone the array for manipulation
var curLetters = letters.slice( 0 ), word = "";
// Make sure the word is at least 3 letters long
while ( curLetters.length > 2 ) {
// Get a word out of the existing letters
word = curLetters.join("");
// And see if it's in the dictionary
if ( dict[ word ] ) {
// If it is, return that word
return word;
}
// Otherwise remove another letter from the end
curLetters.pop();
}
}
答案 2 :(得分:9)
你可以尝试buckets,它是一个javascript数据结构库,它允许你在字典中使用任何类型的对象。
答案 3 :(得分:7)
在我的上一个项目中,我的任务是创建一个浏览器客户端应用程序,该应用程序将读取数万行数据,然后对数据进行分组和聚合,以便在网格和图表中显示。目标技术是HTML 5,CSS 3和EMCS 5.(2013年6月的现代浏览器)。由于较旧的浏览器兼容性不是一个问题,外部库仅限于D3(没有JQuery)。
我需要构建一个数据模型。我之前在C#中构建了一个,并依赖自定义字典对象来快速访问数据,组和聚合。多年来我没有使用JavaScript,所以我开始搜索字典。我发现JavaScript仍然没有真正的原生字典。我发现了一些示例实现,但没有真正符合我的期望。所以我建了一个。
正如我所提到的,我多年没有使用过JavaScript。这些进步(或者可能仅仅是信息的网络可用性)令人印象深刻。我之前的所有工作都是基于类的语言,因此原型基础语言需要一些时间来习惯(而且我还有很长的路要走)。
与大多数项目一样,这个项目在它开始之前就已经到期了,所以当我从基于类的语言转换到基于原型的语言时,我学到了很多新的错误。创建的词典是功能性的,但过了一段时间后,我意识到我可以做一些改进,使它不那么新鲜。在我有时间重做字典之前,该项目耗尽了资金。哦,我的位置同时失去了资金(令人惊讶的是如何发生)。所以我决定使用我学到的东西重新创建字典,并确定字典是否实际上是对数组的性能改进。
/*
* Dictionary Factory Object
* Holds common object functions. similar to V-Table
* this.New() used to create new dictionary objects
* Uses Object.defineProperties so won't work on older browsers.
* Browser Compatibility (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/defineProperties)
* Firefox (Gecko) 4.0 (2), Chrome 5, IE 9, Opera 11.60, Safari 5
*/
function Dict() {
/*
* Create a new Dictionary
*/
this.New = function () {
return new dict();
};
/*
* Return argument f if it is a function otherwise return undefined
*/
function ensureF(f) {
if (isFunct(f)) {
return f;
}
}
function isFunct(f) {
return (typeof f == "function");
}
/*
* Add a "_" as first character just to be sure valid property name
*/
function makeKey(k) {
return "_" + k;
};
/*
* Key Value Pair object - held in array
*/
function newkvp(key, value) {
return {
key: key,
value: value,
toString: function () { return this.key; },
valueOf: function () { return this.key; }
};
};
/*
* Return the current set of keys.
*/
function keys(a) {
// remove the leading "-" character from the keys
return a.map(function (e) { return e.key.substr(1); });
// Alternative: Requires Opera 12 vs. 11.60
// -- Must pass the internal object instead of the array
// -- Still need to remove the leading "-" to return user key values
// Object.keys(o).map(function (e) { return e.key.substr(1); });
};
/*
* Return the current set of values.
*/
function values(a) {
return a.map(function(e) { return e.value; } );
};
/*
* Return the current set of key value pairs.
*/
function kvPs(a) {
// remove the leading "-" character from the keys
return a.map(function (e) { return newkvp(e.key.substr(1), e.value); });
}
/*
* Returns true if key exists in the dictionary.
* k - Key to check (with the leading "_" character)
*/
function exists(k, o) {
return o.hasOwnProperty(k);
}
/*
* Array Map implementation
*/
function map(a, f) {
if (!isFunct(f)) { return; }
return a.map(function (e, i) { return f(e.value, i); });
}
/*
* Array Every implementation
*/
function every(a, f) {
if (!isFunct(f)) { return; }
return a.every(function (e, i) { return f(e.value, i) });
}
/*
* Returns subset of "values" where function "f" returns true for the "value"
*/
function filter(a, f) {
if (!isFunct(f)) {return; }
var ret = a.filter(function (e, i) { return f(e.value, i); });
// if anything returned by array.filter, then get the "values" from the key value pairs
if (ret && ret.length > 0) {
ret = values(ret);
}
return ret;
}
/*
* Array Reverse implementation
*/
function reverse(a, o) {
a.reverse();
reindex(a, o, 0);
}
/**
* Randomize array element order in-place.
* Using Fisher-Yates shuffle algorithm.
* (Added just because:-)
*/
function shuffle(a, o) {
var j, t;
for (var i = a.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
j = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));
t = a[i];
a[i] = a[j];
a[j] = t;
}
reindex(a, o, 0);
return a;
}
/*
* Array Some implementation
*/
function some(a, f) {
if (!isFunct(f)) { return; }
return a.some(function (e, i) { return f(e.value, i) });
}
/*
* Sort the dictionary. Sorts the array and reindexes the object.
* a - dictionary array
* o - dictionary object
* sf - dictionary default sort function (can be undefined)
* f - sort method sort function argument (can be undefined)
*/
function sort(a, o, sf, f) {
var sf1 = f || sf; // sort function method used if not undefined
// if there is a customer sort function, use it
if (isFunct(sf1)) {
a.sort(function (e1, e2) { return sf1(e1.value, e2.value); });
}
else {
// sort by key values
a.sort();
}
// reindex - adds O(n) to perf
reindex(a, o, 0);
// return sorted values (not entire array)
// adds O(n) to perf
return values(a);
};
/*
* forEach iteration of "values"
* uses "for" loop to allow exiting iteration when function returns true
*/
function forEach(a, f) {
if (!isFunct(f)) { return; }
// use for loop to allow exiting early and not iterating all items
for(var i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
if (f(a[i].value, i)) { break; }
}
};
/*
* forEachR iteration of "values" in reverse order
* uses "for" loop to allow exiting iteration when function returns true
*/
function forEachR(a, f) {
if (!isFunct(f)) { return; }
// use for loop to allow exiting early and not iterating all items
for (var i = a.length - 1; i > -1; i--) {
if (f(a[i].value, i)) { break; }
}
}
/*
* Add a new Key Value Pair, or update the value of an existing key value pair
*/
function add(key, value, a, o, resort, sf) {
var k = makeKey(key);
// Update value if key exists
if (exists(k, o)) {
a[o[k]].value = value;
}
else {
// Add a new Key value Pair
var kvp = newkvp(k, value);
o[kvp.key] = a.length;
a.push(kvp);
}
// resort if requested
if (resort) { sort(a, o, sf); }
};
/*
* Removes an existing key value pair and returns the "value" If the key does not exists, returns undefined
*/
function remove(key, a, o) {
var k = makeKey(key);
// return undefined if the key does not exist
if (!exists(k, o)) { return; }
// get the array index
var i = o[k];
// get the key value pair
var ret = a[i];
// remove the array element
a.splice(i, 1);
// remove the object property
delete o[k];
// reindex the object properties from the remove element to end of the array
reindex(a, o, i);
// return the removed value
return ret.value;
};
/*
* Returns true if key exists in the dictionary.
* k - Key to check (without the leading "_" character)
*/
function keyExists(k, o) {
return exists(makeKey(k), o);
};
/*
* Returns value assocated with "key". Returns undefined if key not found
*/
function item(key, a, o) {
var k = makeKey(key);
if (exists(k, o)) {
return a[o[k]].value;
}
}
/*
* changes index values held by object properties to match the array index location
* Called after sorting or removing
*/
function reindex(a, o, i){
for (var j = i; j < a.length; j++) {
o[a[j].key] = j;
}
}
/*
* The "real dictionary"
*/
function dict() {
var _a = [];
var _o = {};
var _sortF;
Object.defineProperties(this, {
"length": { get: function () { return _a.length; }, enumerable: true },
"keys": { get: function() { return keys(_a); }, enumerable: true },
"values": { get: function() { return values(_a); }, enumerable: true },
"keyValuePairs": { get: function() { return kvPs(_a); }, enumerable: true},
"sortFunction": { get: function() { return _sortF; }, set: function(funct) { _sortF = ensureF(funct); }, enumerable: true }
});
// Array Methods - Only modification to not pass the actual array to the callback function
this.map = function(funct) { return map(_a, funct); };
this.every = function(funct) { return every(_a, funct); };
this.filter = function(funct) { return filter(_a, funct); };
this.reverse = function() { reverse(_a, _o); };
this.shuffle = function () { return shuffle(_a, _o); };
this.some = function(funct) { return some(_a, funct); };
this.sort = function(funct) { return sort(_a, _o, _sortF, funct); };
// Array Methods - Modified aborts when funct returns true.
this.forEach = function (funct) { forEach(_a, funct) };
// forEach in reverse order
this.forEachRev = function (funct) { forEachR(_a, funct) };
// Dictionary Methods
this.addOrUpdate = function(key, value, resort) { return add(key, value, _a, _o, resort, _sortF); };
this.remove = function(key) { return remove(key, _a, _o); };
this.exists = function(key) { return keyExists(key, _o); };
this.item = function(key) { return item(key, _a, _o); };
this.get = function (index) { if (index > -1 && index < _a.length) { return _a[index].value; } } ,
this.clear = function() { _a = []; _o = {}; };
return this;
}
return this;
}
我在尝试精神上调和类和原型对象时遇到的一个顿悟是原型基本上是创建对象的v表。另外,机箱中的功能也可以像v表条目一样工作。随着项目的进展,我开始使用Object Factories,其中顶级对象包含对象类型的常用函数,并包含一个“this.New(args)”方法,用于创建解决方案中使用的实际对象。这是我用于字典的风格。
字典的核心是Array,Object和KeyValuePair对象。 “addOrUpdate”方法接受一个键和一个值:
注意:我读过对象属性名称可以以“几乎任何”Unicode字符开头。该项目将处理客户数据,该数据可以以“任何”Unicode字符开头。为了确保字典没有由于无效的属性名称而爆炸,我将下划线(_)作为键的前缀,并在返回字典外部的键时删除该下划线。
要使字典正常工作,内部数组和对象必须保持同步。为了确保这一点,Array和Object都不会从外部暴露。我想避免意外更改,例如当“If”测试只有一个等号并且左侧有错误设置值时可能发生的更改。
If(dict.KeyObj[“SomeKey”] = “oops”) { alert(“good luck tracing this down:-)”); }
当错误(症状)开始出现在计算,显示等中时,字典的这种典型错误可能很难追踪。因此,“this”属性将无法访问任何一个。这种保护主义是我没有深入研究原型的原因之一。在我使用“调用”或“应用”方法时,我已经想到使用内部对象暴露数组和对象并传递该内部对象,我可能会在以后查看,因为我仍然不确定我不会必须公开那个内部对象,这会破坏保护核心数组和对象的目的。
我修复了我用我创建的第一个字典对象做的一些新错误。
答案 4 :(得分:6)
在JS中,{“index”:anyValue}只是一本字典。您也可以参考JSON(http://www.json.org/)
的定义答案 5 :(得分:2)
我在Javascript中用于.Net字典的最近实现是一个哈希对象(参见链接:http://www.mojavelinux.com/articles/javascript_hashes.html)。它在引擎盖下实现了一个数组,并且具有类似于.Net字典的方法。
答案 6 :(得分:2)
ECMAScript 6(又名2015年JavaScript规范),specifies a dictionary interface, named Map。它支持任意类型的任意键,具有只读size
属性,不会与对象之类的原型相混淆,并且可以使用新的for...of...
构造或Map.forEach
进行迭代。 。查看MDN here上的文档以及浏览器兼容性表here。
答案 7 :(得分:1)
像其他人一样使用对象。如果你要存储除字符串以外的东西作为键,那么只需将它们jsonize。有关javascript中不同字典实现的性能问题,请参阅此blog post。
答案 8 :(得分:0)
var nDictionary = Object.create(null);
function setDictionary(index, value) {
nDictionary[index] = value;
}
function getDictionary(index) {
return nDictionary[index];
}
setDictionary(81403, "test 1");
setDictionary(81404, "test 2");
setDictionary(81405, "test 3");
setDictionary(81406, "test 4");
setDictionary(81407, "test 5");
alert(getDictionary(81403));
答案 9 :(得分:0)
我正在运行此实现。第一次添加键值对使其成为一种键类型安全。 它工作正常,独立于Map:
function Dictionary() {
this.dictionary = [];
this.validateKey = function(key){
if(typeof key == 'undefined' || key == null){
return false;
}
if(this.dictionary.length){
if (!this.hasOwnProperty(this.dictionary[0], "key")) {
return false;
}
if(typeof this.dictionary[0].key != typeof key){
return false;
}
}
return true;
};
this.hasOwnProperty = function (obj, prop) {
var proto = obj.__proto__ || obj.constructor.prototype;
return (prop in obj) &&
(!(prop in proto) || proto[prop] !== obj[prop]);
};
}
Dictionary.prototype = {
Add: function(key, value) {
if(!this.validateKey(key)){
return false;
}
if(!this.ContainsKey(key)){
this.dictionary.push({ key: key, value: value });
return true;
}
return false;
},
Any: function() {
return this.dictionary.length > 0;
},
ContainsKey: function(key) {
if(!this.validateKey(key)){
return false;
}
for (var i = 0; i < this.dictionary.length; i++) {
var keyValuePair = this.dictionary[i];
if (typeof keyValuePair != "undefined" && keyValuePair != null) {
if (this.hasOwnProperty(keyValuePair, "key")) {
if (keyValuePair.key == key) {
return true;
}
}
}
}
return false;
},
ContainsValue: function(value) {
for (var i = 0; i < this.dictionary.length; i++) {
var keyValuePair = this.dictionary[i];
if(typeof keyValuePair != "undefined" && keyValuePair != null){
if (this.hasOwnProperty(keyValuePair, "value")) {
if(value == null && keyValuePair.value == null){
return true;
}
if ((value != null && keyValuePair.value == null) ||
(value == null && keyValuePair.value != null)) {
continue;
}
// compare objects content over json.
if(JSON.stringify(value) === JSON.stringify(keyValuePair.value)){
return true;
}
}
}
}
return false;
},
Count: function() {
return this.dictionary.length;
},
GetValue: function(key){
if(!this.validateKey(key)){
return null;
}
for (var i = 0; i < this.dictionary.length; i++) {
var keyValuePair = this.dictionary[i];
if (typeof keyValuePair != "undefined" && keyValuePair != null) {
if (this.hasOwnProperty(keyValuePair, "key")) {
if (keyValuePair.key == key) {
return keyValuePair.value;
}
}
}
}
return null;
},
Keys: function(){
var keys = [];
for (var i = 0; i < this.dictionary.length; i++) {
var keyValuePair = this.dictionary[i];
if (typeof keyValuePair != "undefined" && keyValuePair != null) {
if (this.hasOwnProperty(keyValuePair, "key")) {
keys.push(keyValuePair.key);
}
}
}
return keys;
},
Remove: function(key){
if(!this.validateKey(key)){
return;
}
for (var i = 0; i < this.dictionary.length; i++) {
var keyValuePair = this.dictionary[i];
if (typeof keyValuePair != "undefined" && keyValuePair != null) {
if (this.hasOwnProperty(keyValuePair, "key")) {
if (keyValuePair.key == key) {
this.dictionary.splice(i, 1);
return;
}
}
}
}
},
Values: function(){
var values = [];
for (var i = 0; i < this.dictionary.length; i++) {
var keyValuePair = this.dictionary[i];
if (typeof keyValuePair != "undefined" && keyValuePair != null) {
if (this.hasOwnProperty(keyValuePair, "value")) {
values.push(keyValuePair.value);
}
}
}
return values;
},
};
这是您使用它的方式:
var dic = new Dictionary();
var success = dic.Add("test", 5);
success = dic.Add("test1", 4);
success = dic.Add("test2", 8);
success = dic.Add(3, 8);
var containsKey = dic.ContainsKey("test2");
containsKey = dic.ContainsKey(3);
var containsValue = dic.ContainsValue(8);
var value = dic.GetValue("test1");
var keys = dic.Keys();
var values = dic.Values();
dic.Remove("test1");
var keys = dic.Keys();
var values = dic.Values();