在服务器端口上的TCP套接字多路分解(侦听多个TCP连接)是针对每个已建立的TCP连接创建一个单独的套接字描述符(尽管accept()调用),并且套接字描述符与元组紧密耦合[源IP地址,源端口,目标IP地址,目标IP地址]。通过建立的连接,我们可以使用HTTP,FTP,SSH等高层应用程序协议,
但是在UDP的情况下,对等体之间没有建立会话/连接。在特定端口等待的服务器从任何客户端接收消息。收到消息后,客户端的IP地址和端口号便会知道(填充在套接字地址结构中)。可以从地址结构中将消息多路分解并提供给相应的应用程序。
在服务器端口上,如果我想通过UDP建立连接的会话(例如TCP中提到的元组),以便可以在接收之前对服务器与客户端之间的通信(服务器与客户端上特定端口之间的通信)进行多路分解消息(不会从套接字地址结构中推断出相同的消息),以便高层协议可以像在TCP上一样工作(当然,高层协议如DTLS会确保可靠性)
下面是UDP服务器(利用connect()API保持UDP套接字连接)和UDP客户端的代码
// server program for udp connection
#include <stdio.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define PORT 5000
#define MAXLINE 1000
//logical thread num
static unsigned int threadnum = 0;
struct pass_info {
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
unsigned int threadnum;
};
char *message = "Hello Client";
void* connection_handle(void *info) {
int fd = 0;
char buffer[100];
int n = 0;
const int on = 1;
struct pass_info *pinfo = (struct pass_info*) info;
printf("Executing thread : %d\n", pinfo->threadnum);
fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (fd < 0) {
printf("Error socket!!!");
return;
}
setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (const void*) &on, (socklen_t) sizeof(on));
bind(fd, (const struct sockaddr *) &pinfo->server_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
connect(fd, (struct sockaddr *) &pinfo->client_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
while(1)
{
n = recv(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0);
if (n < 0)
{
printf("receive failed! in thread : %d", pinfo->threadnum);
break;
}
buffer[n] = '\0';
printf("Thread num %d: Recv message - %s\n", pinfo->threadnum, buffer);
n = send(fd, message, sizeof(message), 0);
if (n < 0)
{
printf("send failed! in thread : %d", pinfo->threadnum);
break;
}
}
free(info);
return NULL;
}
int main()
{
char buffer[100];
int listenfd, len, sockfd;
const int on = 1;
struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr;
bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
struct pass_info *info;
pthread_t tid;
// Create a UDP Socket
listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
servaddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (const void*) &on, (socklen_t) sizeof(on));
// bind server address to socket descriptor
bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
while (1)
{
//receive the datagram
len = sizeof(cliaddr);
int n = recvfrom(listenfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer),
0, (struct sockaddr*)&cliaddr,&len); //receive message from server
buffer[n] = '\0';
printf("Main thread: Recv message - %s\n", buffer);
n = sendto(listenfd, message, MAXLINE, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&cliaddr, sizeof(cliaddr));
info = (struct pass_info*) malloc (sizeof(struct pass_info));
memcpy(&info->server_addr, &servaddr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
memcpy(&info->client_addr, &cliaddr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
threadnum++;
info->threadnum = threadnum;
if (pthread_create(&tid, NULL, connection_handle, info) != 0) {
perror("pthread_create");
exit(-1);
}
}
}
// udp client program
#include <stdio.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#define PORT 5000
#define MAXLINE 1000
int main()
{
char buffer[100];
char *message = "Hello Server";
int sockfd, n;
struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr;
int len = 0;
// clear servaddr
bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
servaddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
// create datagram socket
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
while(1)
{
sleep(3);
sendto(sockfd, message, MAXLINE, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
// waiting for response
recvfrom(sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&cliaddr, &len);
puts(buffer);
}
}
查询:
这是否是在UDP套接字级别进行多路分解的正确方法
服务器侦听来自客户端的所有UDP数据包。一旦接收到消息,就会创建新的套接字描述符并调用connect()API,以便使用此新创建的套接字描述符注册客户端的IP地址,端口,并从此处开始使用新创建的套接字描述符来发送和接收消息到特定客户端的IP地址和端口。这是否是一个简单的方法
是否有其他众所周知的方法可以在UDP上使用高层协议(支持可靠性的协议,如DTLS)