我具有从mysql数据库中检索UserID列表的功能。
function GetUsers(callback) {
UpdateLogFile('Function Call: GetUsers()')
var users = []
Database.execute( connectionStr,
database => database.query('select UserID from Users')
.then( rows => {
for (let i = 0; i < rows.length; i++){
users.push(rows[i].UserID)
}
return callback(users)
})
).catch( err => {
console.log(err)
})
}
供参考:
来自here 的数据库类
const mysql = require( 'mysql' )
class Database {
constructor( config ) {
this.connection = mysql.createConnection( config )
}
query( sql, args ) {
return new Promise( ( resolve, reject ) => {
this.connection.query( sql, args, ( err, rows ) => {
if ( err )
return reject( err )
resolve( rows )
})
})
}
close() {
return new Promise( ( resolve, reject ) => {
this.connection.end( err => {
if ( err )
return reject( err )
resolve()
})
})
}
}
Database.execute = function( config, callback ) {
const database = new Database( config )
return callback( database ).then(
result => database.close().then( () => result ),
err => database.close().then( () => { throw err } )
)
}
经过数小时的关于Promise和回调的学习,我终于能够使GetUsers()
至少可以正常工作并返回我想要的东西。但是,我似乎只能这样使用它:
GetUsers(function(result){
// Do something with result
})
但是我真的很希望能够在函数中使用传统的return语句,以便可以这样使用它:var users = GetUsers()
。我看到有帖子说由于异步函数的性质,这是不可能的,但是我仍然很希望,因为我真的很希望能够避免使用callback hell。我尝试了下面的代码,但“用户”执行后的结果只是未定义。因此,我的主要目标是能够从GetUsers()
获取返回值,而无需将回调链接在一起,因为我还有其他行为相似的函数。这可能吗?
var users
GetUsers(function(result){
users = result
})
console.log(users)
答案 0 :(得分:1)
这是一个非常令人困惑的话题,花了我一段时间才真正理解为什么根本无法问自己(至少以你问的确切方式)。对于示例,我将使用python Django和Node.js进行比较。
def synchronous():
print('foo') //this will always print first
print('bar')
def getUsers():
with connection.cursor() as cursor:
cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM USERS') //this query is executed
users = cursor.fetchall()
print('foo') //this doesn't trigger until your server gets a response from the db, and users is defined
print(users)
function asynchronous() {
console.log('foo'); //this will also always print first
console.log('bar');
}
function getUsers() {
var connection = mysql.createConnection(config);
connection.query('SELECT * FROM USERS', function(error, users) { //this is a "callback"
console.log(users); //this will print
//everything inside of here will be postponed until your server gets a response from the db
});
console.log('foo') //this will print before the console.log above
console.log(users); //this will print undefined
//this is executed before the query results are in and will be undefined since the "users" object doesn't exist yet.
}
回调只是您的服务器应该在获得响应后运行的功能。我们通常使用实际的单词“ callback”,如下所示:
function getUsers(callback) {
var connection = mysql.createConnection(config);
connection.query('SELECT * FROM USERS', function(error, users) {
if (error) throw error; //always do your error handling on the same page as your query. Its much cleaner that way
callback(users) //server asks what to do with the "users" object you requested
});
}
现在在服务器上的其他位置:
getUsers(function(users) {// the callback gets called here
console.log(users); //do what you want with users here
});
getUsers
函数将其他函数(即回调)作为其参数,并在执行查询后执行该函数。如果要在不使用“回调”一词的情况下执行相同的操作,则可以使用fsociety之类的await / async函数,也可以显式地编写代码,而不要使以其他函数作为参数的函数。
此功能与上面的代码相同:
var connection = mysql.createConnection(config);
connection.query('SELECT * FROM USERS', function(error, users) {
if (error) throw error;
console.log(users);
});
回调地狱是不可避免的,但是一旦掌握了它确实还不错。
答案 1 :(得分:0)
改为使用异步等待功能。
async function GetUsers(callback) {
try {
UpdateLogFile('Function Call: GetUsers()')
var users = []
let rows = await Database.execute( connectionStr,
database => database.query('select UserID from Users')
for (let i = 0; i < rows.length; i++){
users.push(rows[i].UserID)
}
return callback(users)
} catch(err) {
console.log(err)
}
}
希望这会有所帮助!