Question

我正在跑步：

Amazon Linux AMI 2018.03.0

Linux ip-xxx-yy-z-ww 4.14.77-70.59.amzn1.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Nov 12 22:02:45 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

多python环境。它同时安装了Python 2.7.15和3.7.2。

常规（Python2）pip正常运行。

当我尝试运行pip3 install flask时，出现以下错误：

pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Collecting flask
  Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/flask/
  Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/flask/
  Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/flask/
  Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/flask/
  Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None, status=None)) after connection broken by 'SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")': /simple/flask/
  Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/flask/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/flask/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping
  Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement flask (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for flask
pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping

如果我尝试安装其他任何软件包，也会出现相同的错误。

pip3版本为18.1

添加--trusted-host pypi.org无济于事。

安装ca证书没有帮助

根据以下指南安装了Python 3：https://stackoverflow.com/a/8112006/8826349

编辑：我现在注意到，在Python 3上运行make时，它成功完成，但是显示以下消息：

Python build finished successfully!
The necessary bits to build these optional modules were not found:
_hashlib              _ssl                  _tkinter
_uuid
To find the necessary bits, look in setup.py in detect_modules() for the module's name.


The following modules found by detect_modules() in setup.py, have been
built by the Makefile instead, as configured by the Setup files:
_abc                  atexit                pwd
time


Could not build the ssl module!
Python requires an OpenSSL 1.0.2 or 1.1 compatible libssl with X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host().
LibreSSL 2.6.4 and earlier do not provide the necessary APIs, https://github.com/libressl-portable/portable/issues/381

EDIT2：

我的问题似乎与this相同。但是，该线程除了描述问题外没有提供任何解决方案。

我尝试使用this指南来编译新版本的openssl。但是较新的openssl版本无法解决我的问题。

EDIT3：

我无法找到此问题的解决方案。

Amazon的Linux版本似乎无法在Python 3上正常运行。

他们确实有一个不同的操作系统，称为Amazon Linux 2，在其中安装Python 3与运行yum install python3一样容易

但是，Amazon Linux 2有其自身的问题。是Python 2安装缺少pip。您可以通过运行以下命令手动安装它：

curl -O https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
python get-pip.py --user

但这实际上覆盖了pip3，因此Python 3仍然没有pip。

Answer 1

因此，SSLError（“由于SSL模块不可用，无法连接到HTTPS URL。”）在此上下文中表示，当您从源代码编译python3.7时，它并未与系统OpenSSL库链接。完善的解决方案是确保您除了lib之外还具有所需的标头，例如：
$ yum install openssl-devel.x86_64 openssl.x86_64
并从头开始重新编译，并链接到OpenSSL库。

但是，正如您正确指出的那样，在yum中安装带有yum的python3（来自Amazon自己的仓库，已为Amazon Linux测试过的软件包）在EC2中更容易，更可靠，并且可以解决所有依赖关系。例如，这样的事情将在Amazon Linux（版本1）中起作用：

$ yum install python36.x86_64
$ yum install python36-pip.noarch

通常，EC2中已经预装了Python3.6，但python36-pip中尚未预安装

这是正确的默认行为，即pip3命令调用Python3的pip脚本，而pip用于Python2（如果已安装-python2的yum包是python27-pip.noarch），用于示例：

$ pip3 -V  
pip 9.0.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages (python 3.6)  
$ pip2 -V  
pip 9.0.1 from /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (python 2.7)  
$ pip -V  
pip 9.0.1 from /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages (python 2.7)

还有一些版本化的Python命令可与-m开关（用于模块）结合使用，以运行相应版本的pip，例如：
$ python3 -m pip install --user flask

您通过get-pip.py --user安装的计算机可能已放在$ HOME / .local / bin目录中的某个位置。 --user开关仅为当前用户（〜/ .local / lib /）而不是为整个系统安装软件包，这实际上是避免干扰系统python软件包的好习惯。

更好的是，您可以在virtualenv或venv隔离环境中使用pip：有python36-virtualenv（可通过yum安装），以及默认的内置于Python3且易于使用的“ venv”模块（python3 -m venv yournewenvname ）。创建并激活隔离的python环境（目录）后，无论在哪里使用python版本，都可以在其中执行简单的pip install flask。祝你好运！

Answer 2

您可以忽略ssl错误或安装open-ssl。您应该尝试this答案。

尝试使用Python 3.7.2 pip安装软件包会导致TSL / SSL错误

2 个答案: