如何使用python 3.5.3在树莓派中安装tensorflow

Question

摘要

使用Sudo pip3 install --user --upgrade tensorflow时，我得到

  

TypeError：-=：“重试”和“ int”的不受支持的操作数类型

使用pip3 install --user --upgrade tensorflow时，我得到

  

MemoryError

当我使用sudo pip3 install tensorflow --no-cache-dir时，它正在安装，但不能在python中使用。

使用pip3 install tensorflow --no-cache-dir时，我得到

  

TypeError：-=：“重试”和“ int”的不受支持的操作数类型

---

我正在将Raspbian Stretch与桌面和推荐的软件新版本一起使用，该新版本于2018-11-13发布。我正在使用树莓派2模式B。

我尝试根据推荐的google指南安装tensorflow。 LINK

环境结果。

当我发出命令pip3 install --user --upgrade tensorflow时，我在下载完成99时遇到此错误。

Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 353, in run
    wb.build(autobuilding=True)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 749, in build
    self.requirement_set.prepare_files(self.finder)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 380, in prepare_files
    ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies))
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 620, in _prepare_file
    session=self.session, hashes=hashes)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/download.py", line 821, in unpack_url
    hashes=hashes
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/download.py", line 659, in unpack_http_url
    hashes)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/download.py", line 882, in _download_http_url
    _download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/download.py", line 603, in _download_url
    hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/utils/hashes.py", line 46, in check_against_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/download.py", line 571, in written_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/utils/ui.py", line 139, in iter
    for x in it:
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/download.py", line 560, in resp_read
    decode_content=False):
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.19.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/response.py", line 432, in stream
    data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.19.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/response.py", line 380, in read
    data = self._fp.read(amt)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/CacheControl-0.11.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl/cachecontrol/filewrapper.py", line 63, in read
    self._close()
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/CacheControl-0.11.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl/cachecontrol/filewrapper.py", line 50, in _close
    self.__callback(self.__buf.getvalue())
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/CacheControl-0.11.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl/cachecontrol/controller.py", line 275, in cache_response
    self.serializer.dumps(request, response, body=body),
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/CacheControl-0.11.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl/cachecontrol/serialize.py", line 55, in dumps
    "body": _b64_encode_bytes(body),
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/CacheControl-0.11.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl/cachecontrol/serialize.py", line 12, in _b64_encode_bytes
    return base64.b64encode(b).decode("ascii")
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/base64.py", line 59, in b64encode
    encoded = binascii.b2a_base64(s)[:-1]
MemoryError

此后，我尝试了pip3 install --no-cache-dir tensorflow代码，但下载完成后出现以下错误。

Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.19.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 594, in urlopen
    chunked=chunked)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.19.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 391, in _make_request
    six.raise_from(e, None)
  File "<string>", line 2, in raise_from
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.19.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 387, in _make_request
    httplib_response = conn.getresponse()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 1198, in getresponse
    response.begin()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 297, in begin
    version, status, reason = self._read_status()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/http/client.py", line 258, in _read_status
    line = str(self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1), "iso-8859-1")
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/socket.py", line 576, in readinto
    return self._sock.recv_into(b)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 937, in recv_into
    return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 799, in read
    return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.5/ssl.py", line 583, in read
    v = self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
ConnectionResetError: [Errno 104] Connection reset by peer

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 215, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 342, in run
    requirement_set.prepare_files(finder)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 380, in prepare_files
    ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies))
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 554, in _prepare_file
    require_hashes
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 278, in populate_link
    self.link = finder.find_requirement(self, upgrade)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/index.py", line 465, in find_requirement
    all_candidates = self.find_all_candidates(req.name)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/index.py", line 423, in find_all_candidates
    for page in self._get_pages(url_locations, project_name):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/index.py", line 568, in _get_pages
    page = self._get_page(location)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/index.py", line 683, in _get_page
    return HTMLPage.get_page(link, session=self.session)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/index.py", line 792, in get_page
    "Cache-Control": "max-age=600",
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/requests-2.12.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/sessions.py", line 501, in get
    return self.request('GET', url, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/download.py", line 386, in request
    return super(PipSession, self).request(method, url, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/requests-2.12.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/sessions.py", line 488, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/requests-2.12.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/sessions.py", line 630, in send
    history = [resp for resp in gen] if allow_redirects else []
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/requests-2.12.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/sessions.py", line 630, in <listcomp>
    history = [resp for resp in gen] if allow_redirects else []
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/requests-2.12.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/sessions.py", line 190, in resolve_redirects
    **adapter_kwargs
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/requests-2.12.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/sessions.py", line 609, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/requests-2.12.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl/requests/adapters.py", line 423, in send
    timeout=timeout
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.19.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/connectionpool.py", line 643, in urlopen
    _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2])
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/urllib3-1.19.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl/urllib3/util/retry.py", line 315, in increment
    total -= 1
TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for -=: 'Retry' and 'int'

如何解决此错误？

更新：

当我运行sudo pip3 install tensorflow --upgrade --no-cache-dir时，它说出以下细节，但是我无法将张量库导入到我的项目中。

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ sudo pip3 install tensorflow --upgrade --no-cache-dir
Requirement already up-to-date: tensorflow in /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages
Requirement already up-to-date: tensorboard<1.12.0,>=1.11.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages (from tensorflow)
Requirement already up-to-date: astor>=0.6.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages (from tensorflow)
Requirement already up-to-date: setuptools<=39.1.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages (from tensorflow)
Requirement already up-to-date: numpy>=1.13.3 in /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages (from tensorflow)
Requirement already up-to-date: keras-preprocessing>=1.0.3 in /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages (from tensorflow)
Requirement already up-to-date: wheel>=0.26 in /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages (from tensorflow)
Requirement already up-to-date: protobuf>=3.6.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages (from tensorflow)
Requirement already up-to-date: keras-applications>=1.0.5 in /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages (from tensorflow)
Requirement already up-to-date: grpcio>=1.8.6 in /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages (from tensorflow)
Requirement already up-to-date: absl-py>=0.1.6 in /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages (from tensorflow)
Requirement already up-to-date: termcolor>=1.1.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages (from tensorflow)
Requirement already up-to-date: gast>=0.2.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages (from tensorflow)
Requirement already up-to-date: six>=1.10.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages (from tensorflow)
Requirement already up-to-date: markdown>=2.6.8 in /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages (from tensorboard<1.12.0,>=1.11.0->tensorflow)
Requirement already up-to-date: werkzeug>=0.11.10 in /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages (from tensorboard<1.12.0,>=1.11.0->tensorflow)
Requirement already up-to-date: h5py in /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages (from keras-applications>=1.0.5->tensorflow)

当我导入张量流时，我得到以下错误信息。

/usr/lib/python3.5/importlib/_bootstrap.py:222: RuntimeWarning: compiletime version 3.4 of module 'tensorflow.python.framework.fast_tensor_util' does not match runtime version 3.5
  return f(*args, **kwds)
/usr/lib/python3.5/importlib/_bootstrap.py:222: RuntimeWarning: builtins.type size changed, may indicate binary incompatibility. Expected 432, got 412
  return f(*args, **kwds)

Answer 1

它似乎是由某些软件包的版本冲突问题引起的。 Install TensorFlow with pip  |  TensorFlow的虚拟环境解决方案对我有用

Answer 2

由于tensorflow 1.9支持树莓派，因此，如果遵循此link，则需要执行很多操作。

sudo apt install libatlas-base-dev
pip3 install tensorflow

您可以通过运行以下代码来检查安装。

import tensorflow as tf
tf.enable_eager_execution()
hello = tf.constant(‘Hello, TensorFlow!’)
print(hello)