如何在不使用json和python酸洗的情况下将对象写入文件并读回?

时间:2018-12-01 23:40:31

标签: python-3.x object text-files readfile writefile

我创建了一个名为Hand的类和一个对象h1。我用代码将对象的结果写在文件(handtest.txt)中:

h1 = Hand(3)

datafile = open('handtest.txt', 'w')

datafile.write(str(h1))

datafile.close()

我想回读文件中的内容,并将其另存为另一个对象。但是,当我在文本文件中写入对象时,我已经将格式更改为字符串。如何再次将其另存为对象?是否可以在不使用酸洗和json的情况下这样做? 这是我的手形课:

from card import Card
import random
"""
Defines class Hand, in file hand.py
"""

class Hand:
    """
    One object of class Hand represents a hand of cards
    and so one object stores a number of Card objects.
    """

    def __init__(self, numCardsInHand):
        """
        Initializes a Hand object with numCardsInHand Card objects inside it.
        """
        # Creates a list for storing a hand of cards.
        self.list = []
        # Creates a list for storing bj value.
        self.listBJ = []

        # Uses a loop to store a hand of cards to a list and stores the bj values of the cards to another list.
        for count in range(numCardsInHand):
           #call hitMe()
            Hand.hitMe(self)

    def bjValue(self):
        """
        Returns the blackjack value for the whole Hand of cards
        """
        BJ = ""
        # Sums up all the bj values in self.listBJ and returns it to the bjValue method.
        BJ = sum(self.listBJ)
        return BJ

    def __str__(self):
        """
        Calls the __str__( ) method and uses the returned value
        from the __str__( ) method as the string that is required.
        Returns the local variable in the string method.
        """
        # Tranforms the self.list from list type to string type and saves it as a local variable.
        all_items = '\n'.join(map(str, self.list))
        return all_items

    def hitMe(self):
        """
        Adds one randomly generated Card to the Hand.
        Randomly chooses a rank number and a suit type and save them as local variables.
        Uses the variables as the Card argument in an object. Then append the object to the self.list
        """
        # Randomly chooses a number from 1-13 and stores it as a local variable.
        all_rank = random.randint(1, 13)
        # Lists suit types.
        random_suit = ['d', 'c', 'h', 's']
        # Randomly chooses a suit type in the random_suit list and stores it as a local variable.
        all_suit = random.choice(random_suit)
        # Uses the local variables as arguments of one object of the class Card and appends the object to the self.list.
        self.list.append(Card(all_rank, all_suit))
        # Appends all_rank to self.listBJ.
        self.listBJ.append(all_rank)

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

Python中的许多对象都有一个repr(),它与最初用于创建它的Python代码相对应。因此,首先将行更改为使用repr而不是str。 (尽管对于某些对象,__str__方法仅调用__repr__。)

datafile.write(repr(h1))

您可以使用类似的repr通过在对象上使用eval()来重建对象。这不像使用pickle那样可靠,因为某些代表不是有效的Python代码。

with open('handtest.txt') as datafile:
    h1 = eval(datafile.read())

请注意,这是安全隐患。不要读取和eval()不信任的文件的内容,因为恶意的Python代码可能会做坏的事情,例如删除所有文件。

当然,这仅在repr是有效的Python代码时才有效。您可能必须为手课编写一个正确的__repr__方法。另外,有时这需要适当的导入工作。例如,如果您要eval键入字符串'Hand(3)',则必须导入Hand才能使它起作用。


评估repr仅在可以在单个表达式中设置整个对象状态的情况下才有效。当前,您的课程尚未设计成这样做,因为它使__init__中的内容随机化。因此,有效的repr表达式虽然可能,但会很尴尬。

这不必阻止您。您可以使用@classmethod在Python中创建备用初始化程序。创建一个可以创建实例并设置其所有状态的实例。也许像

@classmethod
def of(cls, hand, bj):
    hand = super().__new__(cls)
    hand.list = hand
    hand.listBj = bj
    return hand

然后,您可以为此创建一个不错的代表。

def __repr__(self):
    return f"Hand.of(hand={self.list!r}, bj={self.listBj!r})

如果要保留更多状态,请将其添加为类方法的另一个参数,然后在代表中显示。