使argparse连字符和下划线相同

时间:2018-11-28 20:13:17

标签: python argparse

argparse用下划线替换可选参数中的破折号,以确定其目的地:

import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--use-unicorns', action='store_true')
args = parser.parse_args(['--use-unicorns'])
print(args)  # returns: Namespace(use_unicorns=True)

但是,用户必须记住该选项是--use-unicorns还是--use_unicorns;使用错误的变体会引发错误。

这会引起一些挫败感,因为代码中的变量args.use_unicorns不能清楚地定义了哪个变量。

如何使argparse接受--use-unicorns--use_unicorns作为定义此可选参数的有效方法?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

parser.add_argument接受一个参数(link to documentation)的多个标志。使解析器接受两个变体的一种简单方法是将参数声明为

parser.add_argument('--use-unicorns', '--use_unicorns', action='store_true')

但是,这两个选项都会显示在帮助中,并且它不是很优雅,因为它迫使人们手动编写变体。

另一种方法是继承argparse.ArgumentParser的子类,以使匹配不变式变为用下划线替换破折号。这需要一点点摆弄,因为argparse_ActionsContainer._parse_optionalargparse_ActionsContainer._get_option_tuples都必须修改以处理这种匹配和缩写,例如--use_unic

我最终得到了以下子类化方法,其中缩写的匹配从_parse_optional委托给_get_option_tuples

from gettext import gettext as _
import argparse


class ArgumentParser(argparse.ArgumentParser):

    def _parse_optional(self, arg_string):
        # if it's an empty string, it was meant to be a positional
        if not arg_string:
            return None

        # if it doesn't start with a prefix, it was meant to be positional
        if not arg_string[0] in self.prefix_chars:
            return None

        # if it's just a single character, it was meant to be positional
        if len(arg_string) == 1:
            return None

        option_tuples = self._get_option_tuples(arg_string)

        # if multiple actions match, the option string was ambiguous
        if len(option_tuples) > 1:
            options = ', '.join([option_string
                for action, option_string, explicit_arg in option_tuples])
            args = {'option': arg_string, 'matches': options}
            msg = _('ambiguous option: %(option)s could match %(matches)s')
            self.error(msg % args)

        # if exactly one action matched, this segmentation is good,
        # so return the parsed action
        elif len(option_tuples) == 1:
            option_tuple, = option_tuples
            return option_tuple

        # if it was not found as an option, but it looks like a negative
        # number, it was meant to be positional
        # unless there are negative-number-like options
        if self._negative_number_matcher.match(arg_string):
            if not self._has_negative_number_optionals:
                return None

        # if it contains a space, it was meant to be a positional
        if ' ' in arg_string:
            return None

        # it was meant to be an optional but there is no such option
        # in this parser (though it might be a valid option in a subparser)
        return None, arg_string, None

    def _get_option_tuples(self, option_string):
        result = []

        if '=' in option_string:
            option_prefix, explicit_arg = option_string.split('=', 1)
        else:
            option_prefix = option_string
            explicit_arg = None
        if option_prefix in self._option_string_actions:
            action = self._option_string_actions[option_prefix]
            tup = action, option_prefix, explicit_arg
            result.append(tup)
        else:  # imperfect match
            chars = self.prefix_chars
            if option_string[0] in chars and option_string[1] not in chars:
                # short option: if single character, can be concatenated with arguments
                short_option_prefix = option_string[:2]
                short_explicit_arg = option_string[2:]
                if short_option_prefix in self._option_string_actions:
                    action = self._option_string_actions[short_option_prefix]
                    tup = action, short_option_prefix, short_explicit_arg
                    result.append(tup)

            underscored = {k.replace('-', '_'): k for k in self._option_string_actions}
            option_prefix = option_prefix.replace('-', '_')
            if option_prefix in underscored:
                action = self._option_string_actions[underscored[option_prefix]]
                tup = action, underscored[option_prefix], explicit_arg
                result.append(tup)
            elif self.allow_abbrev:
                    for option_string in underscored:
                        if option_string.startswith(option_prefix):
                            action = self._option_string_actions[underscored[option_string]]
                            tup = action, underscored[option_string], explicit_arg
                            result.append(tup)

        # return the collected option tuples
        return result

许多此类代码直接来自argparsefrom the CPython implementation here)中的相应方法。使用此子类应该使可选参数的匹配与使用破折号-或下划线_不变。

答案 1 :(得分:0)

parser.add_argument('--use-unicorns', action='store_true')
args = parser.parse_args(['--use-unicorns'])
print(args)  # returns: Namespace(use_unicorns=True)

argparse将'-'转换为'_',因为在标记中使用'-'是POSIX的惯例。但是args.use-unicones是不可接受的Python。换句话说,它会进行翻译,因此dest将是有效的Python变量或属性名称。

请注意,argparse不会对positionals执行此翻译。在这种情况下,程序员可以完全控制dest参数,并可以选择任何方便的方法。由于argparse在访问getattr时仅使用setattrNamespace,因此对有效dest的约束是最小的。

有两个用户。有你,程序员,还有你的最终用户。对您来说方便的方法可能对其他方法不是最佳选择。

您还可以通过定义dest来指定optional。并且metavar使您可以进一步控制help的显示。


parser._get_optional_kwargs执行'-'替换:

    if dest is None:
        ....
        dest = dest.replace('-', '_')