如何跟踪用户（甚至是用AJAX进行的操作）的行为？

Question

在我的网站中，我正在跟踪用户所做的任何操作，一页一页地查看页面。

在某些视图中，我会执行一些ajax请求，例如：

def books_list(request):
    books_list = Book.objects.filter(published=True).order_by('-timestamp')
    if request.method == 'POST' and request.is_ajax():
         id_book = request.POST.get('id_book')
         try:
              book = books_list.get(id=id_book)
              book.delete()
         except Book.DoesNotExist:
              return JsonResponse({'error':True,'msg':'Book not found'})
    render(request,'book/books-list.html',context={'books_list':books_list})

这里是它的外观的快速视图：

*# analytics *
- / # the home page
- /books/ # visits list of books
- /books/ # He deletes a book
- /books/ # back to list of books

如您所见，当用户删除一本书时，跟踪显然会保持相同的URL /books/，我该如何使用它：

*# analytics *
- / # the home page
- /books/ # visits list of books
- /books/delete # He deletes a book
- /books/ # back to list of books

我需要为简单的删除操作创建新的 view / url 吗？

Answer 1

您可以通过两种方式记录用户的活动 它基于跟踪的目的，是仅用于记录日志，还是将其存储在您的数据库中，但是第一个也可以解析为数据库（no_sql）或（sql） 您可以根据业务需求和项目需求来获得此抽象答案并对其进行优化

第一种方式

views.py

from .utils import get_client_ip
DELETED_FILES_LOGGER = logging.getLogger("deleted_files")
def books_list(request):
    books_list = Book.objects.filter(published=True).order_by('-timestamp')
    if request.method == 'POST' and request.is_ajax():
        id_book = request.POST.get('id_book')
        try:
          book = books_list.get(id=id_book)
          book.delete()
          DELETED_FILES_LOGGER.debug(
            'DELETION: %s by %s at %s from IP Address %s' % (
                book.filename(), request.user,
                datetime.datetime.now(), get_client_ip(request)))

        except Book.DoesNotExist:
          return JsonResponse({'error':True,'msg':'Book not found'})
    render(request,'book/books-list.html',context={'books_list':books_list})

utils.py

def get_client_ip(request):
    """
    to get client ip request
    :param request:
    :return: ip <str>
    """
    x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
    if x_forwarded_for:
        ip = x_forwarded_for.split(',')[0]
    else:
        ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
    return ip

第二种方式

models.py

from django.contrib.admin.models import LogEntry as AbstractLogEntry


class LogEntry(AbstractLogEntry):
    class Meta:
        proxy = True
        app_label = 'data'
        verbose_name_plural = 'Log Entries'
        permissions = (("add_log", "add log entry"),
                       ("delete_log", "delete log entry"),
                       ("change_log", "change log entry"),
                       )

    def __str__(self):
        if self.action_flag == 5:
            return ugettext('Download "%(object)s."') % {'object': self.object_repr}
        if self.action_flag == 4:
            return ugettext('Uploaded "%(object)s."') % {'object': self.object_repr}
        elif self.is_addition():
            return ugettext('Added "%(object)s".') % {'object': self.object_repr}
        elif self.is_change():
            return ugettext('Changed "%(object)s" - %(changes)s') % {
                'object': self.object_repr,
                'changes': self.change_message,
            }
        elif self.is_deletion():
            return ugettext('Deleted "%(object)s."') % {'object': self.object_repr}

views.py

def books_list(request):
books_list = Book.objects.filter(published=True).order_by('-timestamp')
if request.method == 'POST' and request.is_ajax():
     id_book = request.POST.get('id_book')
     try:
          book = books_list.get(id=id_book)

          book.delete()
          LogEntry.objects.log_action(user_id=request.user.id,
                                        change_message='Upload %s for category %s' % (
                                            book.filename(), book.category),
                                        content_type_id=ContentType.objects.get(model__exact='book').id,
                                        object_id=book.id,
                                        object_repr=request.user.username,
                                        action_flag=4
                                        )

     except Book.DoesNotExist:
          return JsonResponse({'error':True,'msg':'Book not found'})
render(request,'book/books-list.html',context={'books_list':books_list})

您还可以在管理器本身上添加日志记录

class BookManager(models.Manager):
    def delete(self):
        # you logging as mentioned above
        super(BookManager).delete()
class Book(models.Model):
    .....
    ....
    objects = BookManager()