我有一个数据框，其中的一列包含以下信息：
c("GYRA.Flq_NC_002695.1.916822_Fluoroquinolones_Fluoroquinolone_resistant_DNA_topoisomerases_GYRA_RequiresSNPConfirmation",
"GYRB.CARD_pvgb_AP009048_3760295_3762710_ARO_3003303_Escherichia_Fluoroquinolones_Fluoroquinolone_resistant_DNA_topoisomerases_GYRB_RequiresSNPConfirmation",
"MARR.CARD_pvgb_U00096_1619119_1619554_ARO_3003378_Escherichia_Multi_drug_resistance_MDR_regulator_MARR_RequiresSNPConfirmation",
"PARC.Flq_M58408_gene_Fluoroquinolones_Fluoroquinolone_resistant_DNA_topoisomerases_PARC_RequiresSNPConfirmation",
"SOXS.CARD_pvgb_U00096_4277468_4277933_ARO_3003381_Escherichia_Multi_drug_resistance_MDR_regulator_SOXS_RequiresSNPConfirmation",
"TOLC.CARD_phgb_FJ768952_0_1488_ARO_3000237_tolC_Multi_drug_resistance_Multi_drug_efflux_pumps_TOLC",
"parE.CARD_pvgb_NC_007779_3172159_3174052_ARO_3003316_Escherichia_Fluoroquinolones_Fluoroquinolone_resistant_DNA_topoisomerases_parE_RequiresSNPConfirmation",
"GYRA.Flq_CP001918.1_gene3562_Fluoroquinolones_Fluoroquinolone_resistant_DNA_topoisomerases_GYRA_RequiresSNPConfirmation",
"PARC.Flq_NC_003197.1.1254697_Fluoroquinolones_Fluoroquinolone_resistant_DNA_topoisomerases_PARC_RequiresSNPConfirmation",
"GYRA.Flq_NC_003197.1.1253794_Fluoroquinolones_Fluoroquinolone_resistant_DNA_topoisomerases_GYRA_RequiresSNPConfirmation",
"parE.CARD_pvgb_NC_003197_3343961_3345854_ARO_3003317_Salmonella_Fluoroquinolones_Fluoroquinolone_resistant_DNA_topoisomerases_parE_RequiresSNPConfirmation",
"ACRR.CARD_pvgb_NC_014121_1270697_1271351_ARO_3003374_Enterobacter_Multi_drug_resistance_MDR_regulator_ACRR_RequiresSNPConfirmation"
)
我要做的是在上面每个条目中获取特定的ID号，在下面标记，然后为数据框中的每一行创建一个新列，并使用该数字创建新列。
“ GYRA.Flq_ NC_002695.1.916822 _Fluoroquinolones_Fluoroquinolone_耐药性_DNA_topoisomerases_GYRA_RequiresSNP确认”， “ GYRB.CARD_pvgb_ AP009048_3760295_3762710 _ARO_3003303_Escherichia_Fluoroquinolones_Fluoroquinolone_proof_DNA_topoisomerases_GYRB_RequiresSNP确认”， “ MARR.CARD_pvgb_ U00096_1619119_1619554 _ARO_3003378_Escherichia_Multi_drug_resistance_MDR_regulator_MARR_RequiresSNP确认”， “ PARC.Flq_ M58408 _gene_Fluoroquinolones_Fluoroquinolone_耐药性_DNA_topoisomerases_PARC_RequiresSNP确认”， “ SOXS.CARD_pvgb_ U00096_4277468_4277933 _ARO_3003381_Escherichia_Multi_drug_resistance_MDR_regulator_SOXS_RequiresSNP确认”， “ TOLC.CARD_phgb_ FJ768952_0_1488 _ARO_3000237_tolC_Multi_drug_resistance_Multi_drug_efflux_pumps_TOLC”， “ parE.CARD_pvgb_ NC_007779_3172159_3174052 _ARO_3003316_Escherichia_Fluoroquinolones_Fluoroquinolone_proof_DNA_topoisomerases_parE_RequiresSNPConfirmation”， “ GYRA.Flq_ CP001918.1 _gene3562_Fluoroquinolones_Fluoroquinolone_耐药性_DNA_topoisomerases_GYRA_RequiresSNP确认”， “ PARC.Flq_ NC_003197.1.1254697 _Fluoroquinolones_Fluoroquinolone_耐药性_DNA_topoisomerases_PARC_RequiresSNP确认”， “ GYRA.Flq_ NC_003197.1.1253794 _Fluoroquinolones_Fluoroquinolone_耐药性_DNA_topoisomerases_GYRA_RequiresSNP确认”， “ parE.CARD_pvgb_ NC_003197_3343961_3345854 _ARO_3003317_Salmonella_Fluoroquinolones_Fluoroquinolone_proof_DNA_topoisomerases_parE_RequiresSNPConfirmation”， “ ACRR.CARD_pvgb_ NC_014121_1270697_1271351 _ARO_3003374_Enterobacter_Multi_drug_resistance_MDR_regulator_ACRR_RequiresSNP确认”
我尝试了以下命令：
library(dplyr)
df %>% mutate(ref_name2 = sub("[A-z]+.[A-z]+.[A-z]+.([A-z][A-z].[0-9]+.[0-9].[0-9]+)", "\\1", ref_name),
ref_name2 = sub("\\_ARO.*", "", ref_name2),
ref_name2 = sub("\\_Fluoro.*", "", ref_name2),
ref_name2 = sub("\\_gene.*", "", ref_name2))
但这仅部分匹配上述字符串，并且还删除了一些我想要的字母。有比多个sub / gsub调用更简单的方法吗？
我想结束的事情：
c(NC_002695.1.916822, AP009048_3760295_3762710, U00096_1619119_1619554, M58408, U00096_4277468_4277933, FJ768952_0_1488, NC_007779_3172159_3174052, CP001918.1, NC_003197.1.1254697, NC_003197.1.1253794, NC_003197_3343961_3345854, NC_014121_1270697_1271351)
我尝试在https://regexr.com/30u4a上进行视觉匹配，并且还尝试阅读许多有关复杂匹配的内容，但似乎找不到正确的代码。
答案 0 :(得分：5)
您可以使用
> sub("^.*?_([A-Z]+[0-9_.]*[0-9]).*", "\\1", x)
[1] "NC_002695.1.916822" "AP009048_3760295_3762710" "U00096_1619119_1619554" "M58408" "U00096_4277468_4277933" "FJ768952_0_1488"
[7] "NC_007779_3172159_3174052" "CP001918.1" "NC_003197.1.1254697" "NC_003197.1.1253794" "NC_003197_3343961_3345854" "NC_014121_1270697_1271351"
请参见regex demo。
模式详细信息
^-字符串的开头（由于使用了sub，因此可以省略）.*?-零个或多个字符，并尽可能少（请注意，此处不可能使用[^_]*，因为我们需要的模式可能会出现在0个或多个下划线之后）_-一个_ ([A-Z]+[0-9_.]*[0-9])-捕获组1：
[A-Z]+-1个以上大写ASCII字母[0-9_.]*-0个或更多数字，_或.字符[0-9]-一个数字.*-字符串的其余部分。答案 1 :(得分：0)
我能做的最好的事情是this example：
"[A-Za-z]*\.([A-Za-z]*_)*([A-Z]+_?\d+(_\d+(_\d+)*|\.\d+(\.\d+)*)?)[^"]*"
这意味着，搜索左双引号"，然后搜索一组字母，然后搜索点.，然后搜索可变数量（可能为空）的字母序列（任何情况）依次用下划线_和我们感兴趣的组（组\2）
.隔开。，然后跟在下一个双引号上，关闭字符串。
如果用以下字符串进行全局替换：
\\2
然后，您将获得所需的结果，如上面的演示所示。